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Evolution of Operating Systems: From Batch Systems to Personal Computers

Learn about the history of operating systems from batch systems to personal computers, exploring hardware components and system functionalities. Discover key concepts and structures in operating systems and computer hardware.

leila-thornton
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Evolution of Operating Systems: From Batch Systems to Personal Computers

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction

  2. Introduction • A computer system consists of • hardware • system programs • application programs

  3. What is an Operating System • It is an extended machine • Hides the messy details which must be performed • Presents user with a virtual machine, easier to use • It is a resource manager • Each program gets time with the resource • Each program gets space on the resource

  4. History of Operating Systems (1) Early batch system • bring cards to 1401 • read cards to tape • put tape on 7094 which does computing • put tape on 1401 which prints output

  5. History of Operating Systems (2) • First generation 1945 - 1955 • vacuum tubes, plug boards • Second generation 1955 - 1965 • transistors, batch systems • Third generation 1965 – 1980 • ICs and multiprogramming • Fourth generation 1980 – present • personal computers

  6. History of Operating Systems (4) • Multiprogramming system • three jobs in memory – 3rd generation

  7. The Operating System Zoo • Mainframe operating systems • Server operating systems • Multiprocessor operating systems • Personal computer operating systems • Real-time operating systems • Embedded operating systems • Smart card operating systems

  8. Computer Hardware Review (1) Monitor • Components of a simple personal computer Bus

  9. Computer Hardware Review (2) (a) A three-stage pipeline (b) A superscalar CPU

  10. Computer Hardware Review (3) • Typical memory hierarchy • numbers shown are rough approximations

  11. Computer Hardware Review (4) Structure of a disk drive

  12. Computer Hardware Review (6) (a) Steps in starting an I/O device and getting interrupt (b) How the CPU is interrupted (a) (b)

  13. Computer Hardware Review (7) Structure of a large Pentium system

  14. Operating System Concepts (1) • A process tree • A created two child processes, B and C • B created three child processes, D, E, and F

  15. Operating System Concepts (2) (a) A potential deadlock. (b) an actual deadlock.

  16. Operating System Concepts (3) File system for a university department

  17. Operating System Concepts (4) • Before mounting, • files on floppy are inaccessible • After mounting floppy on b, • files on floppy are part of file hierarchy

  18. Operating System Concepts (5) Two processes connected by a pipe

  19. System Calls (4) (a) File system before the mount (b) File system after the mount

  20. Operating System Structure (1) Simple structuring model for a monolithic system

  21. Operating System Structure (2) Structure of the THE operating system

  22. Operating System Structure (3) Structure of VM/370 with CMS

  23. Operating System Structure (4) The client-server model

  24. Operating System Structure (5) The client-server model in a distributed system

  25. Metric Units The metric prefixes

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