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Fluids & Electrolytes NAPNES Guidelines

Fluids & Electrolytes NAPNES Guidelines. Presented by Laura Zdancewicz MSN, CRNP. Types of Solutions. Crystalloids Colloids Blood products Electrolytes. Crystalloids. Mechanism of Action Supply sodium and water Maintain osmotic gradient

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Fluids & Electrolytes NAPNES Guidelines

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  1. Fluids & ElectrolytesNAPNES Guidelines Presented by Laura Zdancewicz MSN, CRNP

  2. Types of Solutions • Crystalloids • Colloids • Blood products • Electrolytes

  3. Crystalloids • Mechanism of Action • Supply sodium and water • Maintain osmotic gradient • Between fluid outside blood vessels and fluid inside blood vessels • Expands plasma volume • Therapeutic uses • Maintenance fluids • Replacement fluids • Promote urinary flow

  4. Crystalloids • Examples • NS (0.9% sodium chloride) • Most commonly used • Hypertonic saline • Lactated Ringer’s • D5W • Plasma-Lyte

  5. Colloids • Mechanism of Action • Fluid is pulled from extravascular space to the intravascular space • Thus increasing blood volume • “Plasma expanders”

  6. Colloids • Therapeutic uses • Severe conditions • Acute liver failure, • Acute nephrosis • Adult respiratory distress syndrome • Burns • Cardiopulmonary bypass • Hypoproteinemia • DVT reduction • Renal dialysis • Shock

  7. Colloids • Examples • Dextran 70 • Dextran 40 • Hetastarch • 5% albumin • 25% albumin

  8. Blood Products • Mechanism of Action • Increase plasma volume • Same manner as colloids and crystalloids • Pulling fluid from extravascular to intravascular space • Red blood cells (RBC) • Ability to carry oxygen • Therapeutic uses • Refer to table 26-8

  9. Blood Products • Examples • Cryoprecipitate and PPF • Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) • Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) • Whole blood

  10. Electrolytes • Potassium • Most abundant cationic electrolyte inside cells • Sodium • Counterpart to potassium • Principal cation outside cells • Therapeutic uses • Treatment or prevention of depletion

  11. Nursing process • Assessment • Nursing diagnosis • Planning • Implementation • Evaluation

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