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Viruses & Bacteria

This presentation provides an in-depth exploration of viruses and bacteria, detailing their structures, life cycles, and relationships with hosts. It covers key differences between viruses and bacteria, the classification of prokaryotic organisms, and various types of bacteria including E. coli and cyanobacteria. The cycle of viral infections, methods of reproduction in bacteria, and the significance of symbiotic relationships such as mutualism and parasitism are discussed. Additionally, the presentation highlights the importance of vaccines and the nature of prokaryotic cells in diverse environments.

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Viruses & Bacteria

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  1. Viruses & Bacteria Chapter 17 Biology 11 Presentation put together by Mandie Lynn Walls

  2. What are Viruses A virus is a non-cellular particle made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells.

  3. T4 Bacteriophage

  4. Herpes Virus

  5. Escherichia Coli Bacterium E. coli is a bacterium. That is a crude cell, it is not a virus because viruses are protein containers with DNA cores or RNA cores.

  6. E. Coli and the Bacteriophage What it looks like in real life

  7. The Structure Of a Virus • Viruses are composed of a core of nucleic acid • The Nucleic acid core is surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid • The Nucleic core is either made up of DNA or RNA but never both

  8. Cycle of Lytic and Lysogenic

  9. Vaccines • Viruses grown on chicken embryos are attenuated vaccines • Another type of vaccine is made by heat killing the virus

  10. Retrovirus • Change DNA into RNA. • Example of a Retrovirus is HIV

  11. A typical, "minimal" retrovirus consists of: • an outer envelope which was derived from the plasma membrane of its host • many copies of an envelope protein embedded in the lipid bilayer of its envelope • a capsid; a protein shell containing • two molecules of RNA and • molecules of the enzyme reverse transcriptase

  12. Bacteria Cell

  13. Prokaryotes • Cells that do not have a nucleus • Exist almost every where on earth • Grow in numbers so great you can see them with the unaided eye • Are placed in either the Eubacteria or the Archebacteria Kingdoms • Make up the smaller of the two kingdoms

  14. Eubacteria • Make up the larger of the two prokaryote kingdoms • Generally are surrounded by a cell wall composed of complex carbohydrates

  15. Cyanobacteria • Photosynthetic bacterium • Bluish-greenish color • Contain membranes that carry out the process of photosynthesis • Do not contain the same type of chloroplasts as plants do • This bluish-greenish algae can be found nearly everywhere on earth. • Can survive in extremely hot environments and even extremely cold environment

  16. Archaebacteria • Lack important carbohydrate found in cell walls • Have different lipids in their cell membrane • Different types of ribosomes • Very different gene sequences • Archaebacteria can live in extremely harsh environments • They do not require oxygen and can live in extremely salty environments as well as extremely hot environments.

  17. Identifying Prokaryotes • Cell Shape • Cell Wall • Movement

  18. Bacterium Shapes • Cocci~ Sphere shaped bacteria • Bacillus~ Rod shaped bacteria • Spirrillium ~ Spiral shaped bacteria • Flagella~ Leg-like structures that help to propel the bacterium.

  19. Gram + and Gram – Bacterium Cell Walls

  20. Cellular Walls • Chemical nature of a cell wall can be determined by Gram Staining • By finding out what color the cell produces when it is gram stained you can figure out the type of carbohydrates in the cell wall

  21. Movement • Flagella ~ Tail like structure the whips around to propel the bacterium • Cillia ~ Miniature flagella surround the cell that help to “swim” • Non motile ~ Sticky cillia like structures that keep the bacterium from moving

  22. Flagella

  23. Bacteria and their energy • Autotrophs • Chemotrophs • Heterotrophs

  24. Autotrophs • Make their own energy • Using Solar energy • Eg. Cyanobacteria

  25. Chemotrophs • Make own Energy • Using Chemical energy • Eg. Archaebacteria

  26. Heterotrophs • Obtain food • By eating • Eg. E-coli

  27. Obligate Anaerobes Facultative Anaerobes Obligate Aerobes Live without Oxygen Can live with or without oxygen Cannot live without oxygen. Bacteria Respiration

  28. Bacteria Reproduction • Binary Fission • Conjugation • Spore Formation

  29. Cellular organism copies it’s genetic information then splits into two identical daughter cells

  30. Conjugation • A type of Bacteria Sex • Two organism swap genetic information, that contains the information such as a resistance to penicillin

  31. Spore Formation: Endospore • A type of dormant cell • Exhibit no signs of life • Highly resistant to environmental stresses such as: -High temperatures -Irradiation -Strong acids -Disinfectants • Endospores are formed by vegetative cells in response to environmental signals that indicate a limiting factor for vegetative growth, such as exhaustion of an essential nutrient.

  32. Symbiosis • Close relationship between to species in which at least one species benefits from the other • Live together for LIFE

  33. Parasitism • Bacteria exploit the host cell, injuring them • Eg. Mychobacterium tuberculosis

  34. Mutualism • Symbiosis in which two of the species live together in such a way that both benefit from the relationship • Eg. E-coli

  35. Nitrogen Fixations • Process by which nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into a form that can be used by living things

  36. THE END

  37. This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.

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