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BUILDING CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE IN DEEP WOODS AND REMOTE WATERSHEDS

BUILDING CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE IN DEEP WOODS AND REMOTE WATERSHEDS. Gayatri Venkatesh, Kuang-Ching Wang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. To campus. Over Woods & Hills. In the Woods. In Woods & Ditches. Along the River. To campus. AT&T Data Coverage.

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BUILDING CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE IN DEEP WOODS AND REMOTE WATERSHEDS

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  1. BUILDING CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE IN DEEP WOODS AND REMOTE WATERSHEDS Gayatri Venkatesh, Kuang-Ching Wang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

  2. To campus Over Woods & Hills In the Woods In Woods & Ditches Along the River To campus AT&T Data Coverage The Intelligent RiverTM Pilot Sites

  3. Challenges and Objectives • Wireless networking challenges • Deep woods – impedes wireless communication range • Lack of cellular coverage • Hilly terrains – absolute blockage, often over long distances • Recurring cost and limited bandwidth of cellular/satellite service • Wireless networking objectives • A methodology for building wireless network infrastructure for current and future Intelligent RiverTM sites that • provides adequate and reliable bandwidth • scales to a large area physically and economically

  4. Our Unique Challenges and Strategies • Diverse sensing site characteristics • One-size-fits-all solution may not be optimal for monitoring the watersheds from sources to estuaries • Strategy: cost-performance trade-off among technologies • Pushing sensors “deeper” into the woods • Taming the forest rather than avoiding it • Strategy: assessing forest impact on wireless networks • Exploring network reliability and controllability • Accepting the fact: forest network condition changes over time • Strategy: identifying suitable control knobs to tune forest wireless networks

  5. Clemson Forest and Hunnicut Creek • Explore higher bandwidth, lower cost technologies • Clemson Forest • Long range Wi-Fi (fixed direction): IEEE 802.11a & b/g • Wi-Fi mesh network: IEEE 802.11b/g • Zigbee sensor network:IEEE 802.15.4 • Hunnicut Creek • Long range Wi-Fi (steerable direction): IEEE 802.11b/g • Wi-Fi mesh network: IEEE 802.11b/g • Zigbee sensor network: IEEE 802.15.4

  6. Forest and Hunnicut Network Overview

  7. Long Distance Transit Links • To overcome long distance, forests, hills • Radio placement on high structure on both ends • High gain directional antenna and power amplifiers • Potential control parameters • Radio transmit power • Antenna direction • Antenna gain • Radio layer 2 and 3 protocol parameters

  8. SensorCluster Zigbee Zigbee Zigbee Zigbee Data Zigbee Long range Transit Link Zigbee Zigbee Zigbee Clemson Forest Sensor Network • Short range Wireless Communication: • ISM 2.4 GHz operating frequency . • 1 mW (+0 dBm) power output. • Up to 120m range. • Supports up to 16 simultaneous channels.

  9. Steerable Directional Antenna Radio • Potentially higher bandwidth at substantially longer distance • Software controls radio to focus one direction at a time • Fidelity Comtech Phocus System (tested 15 miles line-of-sight range) • Potential use as 1) forest mesh routers and 2) long range gateways

  10. Measurement Studies of the Links • Long range links: throughput v.s. direction and power • Forest mesh links: throughput v.s. tree obstruction distance and power • Steerable antenna links: throughput v.s. antenna alignment and power • Study leveraged help from SC Governor School summer interns • Study results published at ACM Wintech 2008 poster session Long range link: Throughput v.s. signal strength v.s.antenna direction Long range link: Signal strength v.s.transmit power Forest mesh link: Throughput v.s. signal strength v.s.distance in forest Steerable link: Throughput v.s. signal strength v.s.antenna direction

  11. Future Work • Clemson Forest and Hunnicut networks ready for integration • Sensor packets pushed to server successfully (server integration TBD) • Video camera to be installed in Clemson forest • Mesh routers ready for larger scale deployment • Reliability and controllability are key concerns for a large scale sensing system • Further measurement studies to develop forest model for studying wireless network performance and design • Further studies on assessment and control techniques for wireless network performance and reliability • Further studies on developing large scale wireless network management techniques and software

  12. Acknowledgements • Dan Schmiedt , CCIT Chief Network Engineer • Knight Cox, Clemson Forest Manager • CCIT Intelligent River Project Team • Clemson Public Services Activities Team • Cisco Systems Inc.

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