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Understanding and Measuring CPU Performance: Insights from Ramamurthy's Chapter 4

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of performance assessment in computer systems. It details critical metrics such as elapsed time, response time, and clock cycles, illustrating how these factors are intertwined in CPU performance. The performance equation highlights the relationship between instruction count, cycles per instruction (CPI), and clock cycle time. It also explores the impact of algorithms, programming languages, and compiler optimizations on performance metrics. Additionally, benchmarks from the System Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) are discussed to measure CPU performance effectively.

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Understanding and Measuring CPU Performance: Insights from Ramamurthy's Chapter 4

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  1. Assessing and UnderstandingPerformance B. Ramamurthy Chapter 4

  2. Defining Performance

  3. Measuring Performance • Time: elapsed time, response time • Clock rate.. Clock cycles: events in the system takes place precisely according to a clock that runs at constant time. • CPU execution time = CPU clock cycle for a program X Clock cycle time

  4. Improving Performance • A program runs in 10 seconds on computer A, which has a 4 Ghz clock. We want to build another computer B that will run program in 6 seconds. We can increase the clock rate of , but this affects the number of clock cycles of B and it is now 1.2 times that of B. What is the clock rate of B? • CPU clock cycles = instructions X average clock cycles per instructions

  5. Performance Equation • CPU Time = CPU Clock cycles X Clock cycle Time • = Inst. Count X CPI X Clock cycle time • = (Inst. Count X CPI ) /clock rate • Algorithm affects instruction count • Programming language affects instruction count and CPI • Compiler: instruction count and CPI • Instruction set architecture: Instruction count, clock rate, CPI • Lets look at the examples in pages 252, 253

  6. SPEC Benchmarks • System Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) • Latest release is a suite of programs: 12 integer and 14 floating point programs • CINT and CFP measure the geometric means of the performances of the CPU for the benchmarks. • See Figure 4.5 • SPECweb99 a throughput benchmark for Web Servers

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