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Understanding Solutions: Dissociation, Speed, and Solubility

This guide explores the nature of solutions, including the processes of dissociation and solubility. It defines key terms such as solute and solvent while detailing how agitation, surface area, and temperature influence the rate at which substances dissolve. The guide also distinguishes between saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions, providing essential insight into factors affecting solubility and practical applications. Key concepts are illustrated through examples, making it accessible for learners seeking to comprehend solution dynamics effectively.

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Understanding Solutions: Dissociation, Speed, and Solubility

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Solutions

  2. Solution Process • “Surround and Separate” • Particles of the solvent pull particles of solute into solution

  3. Dissociation • Another Look

  4. Terminology • Solute – smaller amount that gets dissolved • Solvent- larger amount that dissolves the solute • Soluble-able to dissolve • miscible • Insoluble- unable to dissolve • immiscible • Precipitate-insoluble product of a double displacement reactions

  5. Speeding Up Solutions • Agitation • Stirring makes particles collide more often • Surface Area • Grinding up a solute makes it easier to “surround and separate” them into solution • Temperature • Heating a solution speeds up the particles, increasing the number of collisions • NOTE: When dissolving a gas in a liquid, a colder liquid slows down the gas particles and dissolves more total gas

  6. Which method of speeding up a solution explains why a powdered aspirin works faster than a tablet? • Agitation • Surface Area • Temperature

  7. Which method of speeding up a solution explains why sugar dissolves better in fresh tea than iced tea? • Agitation • Surface Area • Temperature

  8. Which method of speeding up a solution explains why Kool-Aid powder has to be stirred into water? • Agitation • Surface Area • Temperature

  9. Which method of speeding up a solution explains why you can’t make “Cold Chocolate”out of “Hot Chocolate” powder? • Agitation • Surface Area • Temperature

  10. Which method of speeding up a solution explains why soup mix dissolves faster than bouillon cubes? • Agitation • Surface Area • Temperature

  11. Solubility • Describes how well a substance will dissolve in 100g of water at a given temperature • Differs with each substance and temperature

  12. Amounts of Solute • Unsaturated • Solution has not dissolved as much solute as it can hold • More solute can be dissolved • Any point below the saturation line • Saturated • Solution has dissolved as much solute as it can hold • No more solute can be dissolved • Any point on the saturation line • Supersaturated • Solution has dissolved more solute than it can hold • A point above the saturation line • Solute will come out of solution if disturbed until it reaches the Saturation Point

  13. What is the solubility of NaNO3 at 10C? • 72 g • 80 g • 96 g • 105 g

  14. How much NH4Cl would precipitate from a saturated solution that cools from 90C to 50C? • 70 g • 50 g • 20 g • 120 g

  15. How much more KClO3 could be added to form a saturated solution that goes from 30C to 90C? • 50 g • 10 g • 40 g • 0 g

  16. Solubility Curve Review saturated unsaturated

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