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Periodic Table of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements. Color Code the Periodic Table: Metals: blue Nonmetals: yellow Metalloids: green. Review- How to read a square. Each element is identified by the number of protons Each square on the table includes:

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Periodic Table of Elements

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  1. Periodic Table of Elements

  2. Color Code the Periodic Table: Metals: blue Nonmetals: yellow Metalloids: green

  3. Review- How to read a square • Each element is identified by the number of protons • Each square on the table includes: How to find the number of neutrons = (atomic mass – atomic number) How to find the number of protons and electrons = atomic number

  4. The Periodic Table • There are about 115 elements that have been discovered, 92 of which occur in nature. • Elements are arranged on the periodic table.

  5. Dmitri Mendeleev • Created the first periodic table of elements based on repeating properties in 1869 • Every time the properties started to repeat, he started a new row on the table

  6. How the Table is Arranged • Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and by their properties in the periodic table. • Remember: • Atomic Number is the number of protons in the nucleus • Atomic Mass is the number of protons plus neutrons is in an atom

  7. Rows are Called Periods • Each horizontal (left to right) row of elements is called a period. • There are 7 horizontal periods in the table • Physical and chemical properties in a period changefrom left to right (go from metal, to metalloid, to nonmetal)

  8. Columns are Called Groups • Each vertical (up and down) column of elements is called a group. • There are 18 vertical groups in the table. • Elements in the same group have the samechemical and physical properties.

  9. Classes of Elements • Elements are classified into 3 categories: • Metals • Non-metals • Metalloids • The zig-zag line on the periodic table will help you recognize which elements belong in which category • Metals, nonmetals, metalloids

  10. Metals • Metals are found to the left of the zigzag line • Most metals are solid at room temperature • Properties of metals: • Shiny • Flexible(can be shaped without shattering) • Goodconductors of electricity

  11. Nonmetals • Nonmetals are found to the right of the zigzag line • More than half of the nonmetals are gases at room temperature. • Properties of nonmetals: (opposite of metals) • Not shiny • Not flexible • Poorconductors of electricity

  12. Metalloids • Metalloids are the elements that border the zigzag line • Metalloids have some properties of both metals and nonmetals. • Ex. Tellurium is shiny but not flexible, so it can not be shaped. • Metalloids are also called semiconductors

  13. Grouping the Elements • Element Funkiness

  14. Group 1: Alkali Metals • Alkali metals are the most reactive metals • They Blow up in water! • Properties: • softness • color of silver • shininess • low density

  15. Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals • Very reactive, but less reactive than alkali metals • Properties: • Color of silver • Higher densities than alkali metals • See these guys in action!

  16. Groups 3-12: Transition Metals • Less reactive than Alkaline Earth Metals • Shared properties: • shininess • good conductors of electricity • higher densities

  17. Group 17: Halogens • Most reactive nonmetals • Properties: • Poor conductors of electric current • Most are toxic! • Ready for more fireworks??!

  18. Group 18: Noble Gases • The most un-reactive elements on the table. • Contain nonmetals • Properties: • colorless, odorless gases at room temperature • Noble Gases in Balloons!

  19. Put it all together…. • Brain pop- periodic table

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