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Obstetrics

Obstetrics. Definition of Obstetrics. Branch of medicine dealing with the pregnant woman during pregnancy, child birth and period following birth. Word Parts. Semen. Mixture of sperm & secretions in seminal vesicles Insemination – deposit of semen in the female reproductive tract.

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Obstetrics

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  1. Obstetrics

  2. Definition of Obstetrics • Branch of medicine dealing with the pregnant woman during pregnancy, child birth and period following birth

  3. Word Parts

  4. Semen • Mixture of sperm & secretions in seminal vesicles • Insemination – deposit of semen in the female reproductive tract

  5. Artificial Insemination • Semen is inserted into uterus via a cannula instead of coitus • AI (AIH) by husband • AI (AID) by donor

  6. Word parts

  7. Fertilisation • Is the union of sperm and ovum • Fertilised ovum is called zygote • Zygote travels down fallopian tube to endometrium where it implants itself

  8. Foetus development • Embryo – developing human during first 2 months - embryonic membranes form which protect & nourish the embryo • Foetus – developing human after the second month - amniotic membrane forms surrounds foetus and is filled with amniotic fluid - amniotic fluid is a shock absorber for the foetus

  9. Placenta • Develops between the embryo and endometrium • Exchanges nutrients and waste between mother and foetus • Also secretes hormones to maintain pregnancy

  10. Word parts

  11. Terms related to placenta • Adherent placenta – placenta is fused to uterine wall • Retained placenta – placenta is not expelled • Placenta praevia – placenta forms abnormally in lower part of uterus over the internal opening of the cervix Act 3

  12. Umbilical cord • Connects foetus to placenta • Transports blood and nutrients to the foetus

  13. Gestation • Period of time embryo and foetus is carried in uterus • Usually 280 days

  14. Word parts

  15. Antenatal • Period from conception to birth • 3 trimesters – 3 months each

  16. Labour and Delivery • Parturition refers to birth • Labour is period preceding birth • Uterine contractions are called eutocia • Syntoconon is a drug to induce uterine contractions

  17. Stages of labour • Dilation – onset of labour to full dilation of 10 cm • Expulsion – full dilation to delivery • Placental – delivery of placenta and occurs a few minutes after birth

  18. Foetus during labour • Lies in a lateral position in uterus • Engagement – when head moves down into cervix • Presentation – part of foetus that is touched by examining finger through the cervix

  19. Puerperium • Period 6 – 8 weeks following birth • Reproductive system reverts to pre pregnant state

  20. Definitions • Post partum haemorrhage – excessive bleeding from birth canal • Eclampsia – sudden convulsion due to toxaemia of pregnancy • Stillbirth – foetus is born dead • Congenital – present at time of birth • Caesarian section – delivery by surgical excision into abdominal wall • Forceps – surgical instruments used to help delivery Act 4

  21. Mammary Glands • Function is milk secretion i.e. lactation • Ducts convey milk from lobes to the exterior • The circular pigmented area surrounding the nipple is known as the areola

  22. Word parts

  23. Abbreviations

  24. Abbreviations

  25. Abbreviations

  26. Miscarriage • Expulsion of products of conception before 20 weeks

  27. Conditions and Terms

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