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Operating systém GNU Linux

This overview explores the pivotal moments in the evolution of computing, tracing the history from early computers during World War II, to groundbreaking figures like Alan Turing and Thomas Flowers. Key milestones include the development of the ENIAC, the introduction of UNIX by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, and the emergence of GNU/Linux in 1991. Also highlighted are important concepts such as multitasking, multiuser systems, and the role of various shell environments. Discover the historical context and software evolution that laid the groundwork for modern operating systems.

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Operating systém GNU Linux

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  1. Operating systém GNU Linux

  2. History • First computers • WW II • The Bomb (Alan Turing) • Colosus (Thomas Flowers)

  3. History • ENIAC 1946 (US Army)

  4. History • 1936: Z1-Z3 Computers (Konrad Zuse, Germany) • Destroyd 1944

  5. 1950-1959 • Jobs system • Languages of Symbolic Adreses (Assembler) • UNIVAC (1. commercial product)

  6. 1960-1965 • Early computers with Operating systems • MFT (IBM,1962) • Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing servicies, Bell laboratories, 1964)

  7. UNIX • 1969 Ken Thompsen, Dennis Ritchie (Bell Laboratories, AT&T) • Computer game Space Travel • Multitasking • Multiuser • Written in Hight Programming Language (C) • File system

  8. History of UNIX http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Unix-history.svg

  9. LINUX • 1991 (Linux Thorvald) • Linux Distribution • Debian, Fedora, Red Hat,… • GNU Linux • SLAX

  10. PC Operation Systems • 1981 MS DOS • 1985 MS Windows • ….

  11. Architecture of OS

  12. Shell • Application sw for communication between user and OS kernel • Bourne shell (bs) • Borne again shell (bash) • C shell (csh) • … • Secure shell (ssh)

  13. Bourne again shell • GNU shell used in various distribution of GNU Linux • UNIX compatible

  14. File system • ls • ls –l • pwd • cd • rm,cp,mv • type • more

  15. Linux file system • bin --- basic executable files • boot--- start szstem files • etc --- tables • home --- home directories of users • lib --- libraries • mnt --- mounted devicies • usr --- applications

  16. Redirection of input, output • echo “Hello friends” • echo “Hello friends” >file • type file • type file, file > file • type file | more • mail vanicek@fsv.cvut.cz <file

  17. Rules of acces • rwxrwxrwx • rwxr- -r-- • chmod • chown

  18. Processes • ps • ps –aux • while 1 do echo ”hallo” • while 1 do echo ”hallo” > file & • running on background • kill PID

  19. Users • /etc/passwd • adduser

  20. Exercise • Create new user with your login name • Create user vanicek • Create file with a greeting • Send this file by mail to user vanicek • Set rights to this file to everyone • Start a process iteratively sending an greeting email to user vanicek • Stop this process

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