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The Rise of Al-Qaeda: Usama Bin Laden's Path to September 11

This piece delves into the life of Usama Bin Laden, born in 1957 to a wealthy construction family in Saudi Arabia. Raised among Saudi princes, he became a pivotal figure in the Afghan jihad against the Soviets, establishing training camps and founding Al-Qaeda. After being expelled from Saudi Arabia for opposing U.S. military presence during the Gulf War, he orchestrated various terrorist activities, culminating in the infamous September 11 attacks in 2001. His journey reveals the complexities of extremism, jihadist ideology, and global terrorism.

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The Rise of Al-Qaeda: Usama Bin Laden's Path to September 11

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Al-Qaeda and September 11

  2. Usama Bin Laden, b. 1957 • Son of Muhammad Bin Laden • Family originally from Hadhramawt, now Yemen

  3. Bin Ladin Group • Father: billionaire construction magnate in Saudi Arabia • Mother from Syria

  4. Bin Laden Family • Came to Saudi Arabia in 1930 • Close to House of Saud • Constructed roads, buildings • Worth $11 bn at death

  5. Dome of Rock • 1969 Bin Laden Corp. repairs Dome of Rock • Damaged by Australian Zionist

  6. Education • Bin Laden raised with Saudi princes • engineering – Abd al-Aziz University, Jedda

  7. Bin Laden & Palestine • Studied with brother of Abdullah Azzam (later jihad leader, Afghanistan) • (Palestinian Islamists)

  8. Support for Mujahidin • Soviets in Afghanistan • From 1980: • Bin Laden chief Saudi fundraiser for Mujahidin

  9. Peshawar • 1982 moves to Peshawar • With Azzam runs bureau of services (Maktab al-Khidmat)

  10. Camps • 1986 Bin Laden establishes training camps in Afghanistan • Fights against Soviets

  11. Al-Qaeda • 1988 makes database of trainees in his camps • Data “base” = al-Qaeda

  12. 1989 • Bin Laden breaks with Azzam, who is assassinated • Is called back to Saudi Arabia, passport withdrawn • Gives sermon on first Intifada in Jedda

  13. Gulf War • Bin Laden offers Mujahidin to Saudis for use against Saddam after invasion of Kuwait • Is dismayed by presence of US troops

  14. Gulf War and Sudan • Is expelled from SA, goes to Sudan late 1991 • Bin Laden uses construction works in Sudan as cover

  15. Black Hawk Down • Funds fundamentalists in Algeria, Somalia • Blackhawk Down (Mogadishu June 1993) (Md. Atef)

  16. First World Trade Center Bombing • First World Trade Bombing 1993 • Islamic Group of blind Sheikh • Bin Laden pays legal bills of one defendant

  17. Ramzi Yusuf • Ramzi Yusuf (later Manila plot) • Cousin of Khalid Shaikh Muhammad • 1995 assassination attempt against Hosni Mubarak

  18. Afghanistan Again - 1996 • Bin Laden forced to Afghanistan 1996 • Aug. 23 Declaration of Jihad against Americans occupying the Land of two holy places

  19. Al-Qaeda • Feb. 1998 Bin Laden creates International Islamic Front against Jews and Crusaders • With Ayman al-Zawahiri of al-Jihad al-Islami • Calls for killing Americans

  20. Al-Qaeda Terrorism • Aug 7 1998 Embassy bombings East Africa • October 12, 2000 – USS Cole

  21. US Reaction • 1998: US launching of Tomahawks on Khost, Khartoum • Ships stop refueling at Aden, Yemen • Plans 1999 covert operation against Bin Laden

  22. Millennium Plot • Al-Qaeda plan to bomb tourist hotel in Jordan • And Los Angeles Airport in 2000 • Ahmd Ressam arrested at Canada border -

  23. Hamburg Cell • 1992 Muhammad Atta comes to Hamburg to study engineering • 1996 joins al-Quds mosque • Grows beard, writes will

  24. Atta and Bin Laden • Summer 1998 trains in Afghanistan • Oct. 1998 Atta returns, forms terror cell in Hamburg • Joined by Ziad Jarrah & Marwan al-Shehhi

  25. Terror Cell • May-June 2000 all three come to US for flight training • Receive $100,000 each from Mustafa Hasawi in UAE

  26. Plan Assembled • Nov-Dec. 2000 Jarrah visits Bin Laden in Afghanistan • Spring 2001 Atta flies to Europe to coordinate al-Qaeda network

  27. Cells in Place • Saudi muscle begins arriving in US • Khalid al-Mihdar & Nawaf al-Hazmi in San Diego (from Malaysia)

  28. September 11

  29. Further al-Qaeda attacks • Attempted • Richard Reid, shoe bomber • Carried out • Karachi • Bali • Mombasa • Casablanca • Madrid

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