5 th 6 Weeks Notes & Illustrations

1. 5th 6 Weeks Notes & Illustrations By Danielle Maniscalco

2. Indo-China "Indochina" as a name was proposed for the region in the early 19th century by Scottish poet and orientalist John Leyden, because it lay between India and China -- and perhaps because it had in its early history been dominated by those superpowers.

3. Domino Theory A foreign policy theory, that speculated that if one land in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect.

4. Guerrilla Warfare The irregular warfare and combat in which a small group of combatants use mobile military tactics in the form of ambushes and raids to combat a larger and less mobile formal army.

5. Dien Bien Phu A town in northwestern Vietnam. It is the capital of Dien Bien province, and is known for the events there during the First Indochina War, the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, during which the region was a breadbasket for the Viet Minh.

6. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution The Tonkin Gulf Resolution was a joint resolution of the United States Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in response to a sea battle between the North Vietnamese Navy's Torpedo Squadron 135 and the destroyer USS Maddox on 02 August 1964.

7. Credibility Gap Was originally used in association with the Vietnam War in the New York Herald Tribune in March 1965, to describe then-president Lyndon Johnson's handling of the escalation of American involvement in the war.

8. The Tet Offensive Tết Nguyên Đán, the first day of the year on a traditional lunar calendar and the most important Vietnamese holiday. Both North and South Vietnam announced on national radio broadcasts that there would be a two-day cease-fire during the holiday. The initial attacks stunned the US and South Vietnamese armies and took them by surprise, but most were quickly contained and beaten back, inflicting massive casualties on communist forces. This was the turning point in the war for North Vietnam.

9. War Powers Act Legislation passed in 1973 restricting the US president's powers to deploy US forces abroad for combat without prior Congressional approval. The president is required to report to both Houses of Congress within 48 hours of having taken such action. Congress may then restrict the continuation of troop deployment despite any presidential veto.

10. Port Huron Statement The Port Huron Statement is the manifesto of the American student activist movement Students for a Democratic Society (SDS).

11. Haight-Ashbury district The neighborhood became the center of the San Francisco Renaissance and with it, the rise of a drug culture and rock-and-roll lifestyle by the mid '60s.

12. Betty Friedan A leading figure in the "Second Wave" of the U.S. Women's Movement. Friedan cofounded National Organization for Women in 1966.

13. National Organization for Women The National Organization for Women (NOW) is the largest feminist organization in the United States. It was founded in 1966

14. Title IX A United States law enacted on June 23, 1972. The law states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance..." Congresswoman Patsy T. Mink

15. Affirmative Action The term affirmative action refers to policies that take race, ethnicity, physical disabilities, military career, sex, or a person's parents' social class into consideration in an attempt to promote equal opportunity or increase ethnicity or other forms of diversity.

16. César Chávez A Mexican American farm worker, labor leader, and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers (UFW). Supporters say his work led to numerous improvements for union laborers.

17. Three Mile Island Three Mile Island is so named because it is located three miles downriver from Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. Where a civilian nuclear power plant was located. The plant is best known for having been the site of the worst civilian nuclear accident in United States history on March 28, 1979, when TMI-2 suffered a partial meltdown.

18. Détente The easing of strained relations, especially in a political situation. The term is often used in reference to the general easing of relations between the Soviet Union and the United States, a thawing at a period roughly in the middle of the Cold War.

19. Executive Privilege The power claimed by the President of the United States and other members of the executive branch to resist certain subpoenas and other interventions by the legislative and judicial branches of government.

20. Impeach A formal process in which an elected official is accused of unlawful activity, and which may or may not lead to the removal of that official from office. It is the first of two stages. Impeachment does not necessarily result in removal from office; it is only a legal statement of charges, parallel to an indictment in criminal law.

21. Watergate Was a political scandal in the United States in the 1970s, resulting from the break-in into the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C. Effects of the scandal ultimately led to the resignation of the United States President Richard Nixon on August 9, 1974. It also resulted in the indictment and conviction of several Nixon administration officials.

22. Embargo The partial or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a particular country, in order to isolate it. Embargoes are considered strong diplomatic measures imposed in an effort, by the embargo-imposing-country, to elicit a given national-interest result from the country on which it is imposed.

23. Stagflation Occurs when a country's inflation rate is high and unemployment rate is high. It is an economic condition in which inflation and economic stagnation are occurring simultaneously and have remained unchecked for a significant period of time.

24. Supply-Side economics A school of macroeconomic thought that argues that economic growth can be most effectively created by lowering barriers for people to produce (supply) goods and services, such as adjusting income tax and capital gains tax rates, and by allowing greater flexibility by reducing regulation.

25. Budget Deficit Occurs when an entity spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus.

26. Iran-Contra Scandal A political scandal in the United States which came to light in November 1986, during the Reagan administration, in which senior U.S. figures, including President Ronald Reagan, agreed to facilitate the sale of arms to Iran, the subject of an arms embargo.

27. Mikhail Gorbachev The seventh and last General of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, serving from 1985 until 1991, and the last head of state of the USSR, serving from 1988 until its collapse in 1991.

28. Stonewall Riot A series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn, in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City.

29. Perestroika The Russian term for the political and economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Its literal meaning is "restructuring", referring to the restructuring of the Soviet political and economic system.

30. Glasnost The policy of maximal publicity, openness, and transparency in the activities of all government institutions in the Soviet Union, together with freedom of information, introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the second half of the 1980s.

31. Tiananmen Square A series of demonstrations in and near Tiananmen Square in Beijing in the PRC beginning on April 14th,1989. A gathering of pro-democracy protesters, led mainly by students and intellectuals.

32. 1st Gulf War In 1992 Iraq invaded Kuwait, the U.S. used superior air power to push Iraq out of Kuwait.