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Rejuvenation and Reconstruction

Rejuvenation and Reconstruction. CHAPTER 11. Tribes were forced to renegotiate treaties because they sided with the Confederacy. Abolished slavery, lost land, and railroads were allowed to come into tribal land. Reconstruction Treaties. Factionalism over removal and Civil War

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Rejuvenation and Reconstruction

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  1. Rejuvenation and Reconstruction CHAPTER 11

  2. Tribes were forced to renegotiate treaties because they sided with the Confederacy. • Abolished slavery, lost land, and railroads were allowed to come into tribal land Reconstruction Treaties

  3. Factionalism over removal and Civil War • Tired of fighting, they finally came together. • Grazing fees helped economy. Cherokees Achieve Stability

  4. Factionalism over removal and Civil War • New constitution in 1867; government similar to U.S. • 1870-1872, Sands Rebellion against the “paper votes” • Green Peach War 1881 • Capitol at Okmulgee Creeks Experience Rebellions

  5. Factionalism over Civil War and religion • Union/Presbyterian v. Confederacy/Baptist • Two governments until 1877 Seminoles Overcome Factionalism

  6. Political party division • Progressives and Nationals among the Choctaws • Progressives and Pullbacks among the Chickasaws • Locke War 1893 • Income from coal, grazing fees Choctaws and Chickasaws Struggle

  7. Schools became top priority. • Rebuilt churches • Tribal newspapers Social Rejuvenation

  8. Tenant farmers, no slaves • Ranching • Leasing of land to non-Indians • Cattle Trails • Traditionalists kept subsistence farming Economic Rejuvenation

  9. “Katy”, “Frisco”, “Santa Fe”, “Rock Island” • Helped with economic recovery • New towns • Lumber industry • Brought in non-Indians Railroad: a Mixed Blessing

  10. Tenant farmers, coal miners, railroad workers, cowboys, merchants, former slaves • Little law or order Flooded with Intruders

  11. Some former slaves would steal to stay alive. • Vigilantes • All-black communities formed • Outlaws, desperadoes • With the railroad came prostitutes, whiskey sellers, gamblers, thieves….. Sources of Lawlessness

  12. Court in Ft. Smith had jurisdiction over Indian Territory • “Hanging Judge” • Deputy U.S. marshals such as Bill Tilghman and Bass Reeves Judge Isaac C. Parker

  13. Indian nation courts only had jurisdiction over their own citizens, not the whites. • Corporations ignored tribal laws. • Townsmen didn’t pay taxes. • Non-Indians got on land without permits. • U.S. government wanted them to form one single territorial government. • Intertribal councils, Okmulgee Constitution A Vanishing Sovereignty

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