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Measuring Religion In the Korean General Social Survey

This study by Jerry Z. Park and Kenneth R. Vaughan critiques existing US conventions for measuring religion, highlighting their Christian-centric and Protestant biases. It compares religious affiliation and practices in the US and Korea using data from the 2016 Korean General Social Survey (KGSS) and the US General Social Survey (GSS). The paper advocates for expanding religious categories, considering diverse Buddhist traditions, various Protestant denominations, and Confucianism. It emphasizes the need for nuanced metrics reflecting the complexity of Korean religious identities and practices, including ancestor veneration and communal rituals.

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Measuring Religion In the Korean General Social Survey

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  1. Measuring Religion In the Korean General Social Survey Jerry Z. Park and Kenneth R. Vaughan Baylor University

  2. Criticisms of US Conventions for Studying religion • Christian-centric / Protestant biased • Congregational focus • US focus • Affiliation • Social & personal practice • Personal Beliefs

  3. Comparing US Religion and Korean Religion KGSS, 2016 US GSS, 2016

  4. Denominational Disaggregations • US: Protestant/ Christian disambiguation • Korea: Buddhist, Protestant disambiguation? • Buddhist Denominations/ traditions: Chogye, Son, Won • Protestant Denominations: Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist • Protestant Denominations II: charismatic/ Pentecostal Global Pentecostalism Pew Research Center, 2006

  5. Expanding Categories: Charismatic Pentecostal Christians Buddhist diversity? (Son: Chogye, Taego; Won) Other notable religions? (e.g. Unification Church)

  6. Expanding Affiliation Categories: Confucianism as Religion?

  7. Indicators of Religiosity: Practice KGSS, 2016 • Alternative metrics for social dimension of religion? • Buddhist communal mantra, bowing meditation, recitations US GSS, 2016

  8. Ancestor Veneration as Private and Familial Religious Practice Identification

  9. Ancestor Veneration as Private and Familial Religious Practice Practice

  10. Indicators of Religiosity: Belief • (US) Conservative Christian belief strongly associated with: • Political attitudes • Social attitudes • (Korean) Christian equivalent? • (Korean) Buddhist equivalent? • (Korean) Confucianist equivalent?

  11. Summary • Korean religious distribution warrants changes to KGSS religion questions • Diversification within Christianity • Diversification within Buddhism • Inclusion of Confucianism • Qualitative: inclusion of unique Korean religions • Korean religious practices warrant changes to KGSS religion questions • Personal: Ancestor veneration, Buddhist practices • Social: Buddhist communal practices • New: Korean national identity and religion

  12. Measuring Religion In the Korean General Social Survey Jerry Z. Park and Kenneth R. Vaughan Baylor University

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