AIDS

1. AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency System

2. What is HIV/AIDS?

3. What is HIV/AIDS?

4. What is HIV/AIDS?

5. WHAT IS HIV? • H – Human – This particular virus can only infect human beings. • I – Immunodeficiency – HIV weakens your immune system by destroying important cells that fight disease and infection. A "deficient" immune system can't protect you. • V – Virus – A virus can only reproduce itself by taking over a cell in the body of its host.

6. What is AIDS? • A – Acquired – AIDS is not something you inherit from your parents. You acquire AIDS after birth. • I – Immuno – Your body's immune system includes all the organs and cells that work to fight off infection or disease. • D – Deficiency – You get AIDS when your immune system is "deficient," or isn't working the way it should. • S – Syndrome – A syndrome is a collection of symptoms and signs of disease. AIDS is a syndrome, rather than a single disease, because it is a complex illness with a wide range of complications and symptoms.

7. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome • final stage of HIV infection . • people at this stage of HIV disease have badly damaged immune systems • at risk for opportunistic infections (OIs).

8. Where did HIV come from? • Scientists believe HIV came from a particular kind of chimpanzee in Western Africa. • Humans probably came in contact with HIV when they hunted and ate infected animals. • Recent studies indicate that HIV may have jumped from monkeys to humans as far back as the late 1800s.

9. How do you get HIV/AIDS?

10. How do you get HIV? • HIV is found in specific human body fluids. If any of those fluids enter your body, you can become infected with HIV.

11. Which body fluids contain HIV? • HIV lives and reproduces in blood and other body fluids. We know that the following fluids can contain high levels of HIV: • Blood • Semen • Pre-seminal fluid • Breast milk • Vaginal fluids • Rectal (anal) mucous

12. How do you get AIDS? • AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection, when a person’s immune system is severely damaged and has difficulty fighting diseases and certain cancers. • Before the development of certain medications, people with HIV could progress to AIDS in just a few years. • Currently, people can live much longer - even decades - with HIV before they develop AIDS. • This is because of “highly active” combinations of medications that were introduced in the mid 1990s.

13. Signs & Symptoms of HIV Infection

14. Early Stage of HIV: Symptoms • These symptoms can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks. However, you should not assume you have HIV if you have any of these symptoms. Each of these symptoms can be caused by other illnesses. Conversely, not everyone who is infected with HIV develops ARS (acute retroviral syndrome). Many people who are infected with HIV do not have any symptoms at all for 10 years or more. 

15. Early Stage of HIV: Symptoms • Symptoms can include: • Fever (this is the most common symptom) • Swollen glands • Sore throat • Rash • Fatigue • Muscle and joint aches and pains • Headache

16. Early Stage of HIV: Symptoms • You cannot rely on symptoms to know whether you have HIV. • The only way to know for sure if you are infected with HIV is to get tested.

17. U. S. Statistics

18. Global Statistics

19. The Global HIV/AIDS Crisis Today • HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, has become one of the world’s most serious health and development challenges: • 33.4 million are currently living with HIV/AIDS. • More than 25 million people have died of AIDS worldwide since the first cases were reported in 1981. • In 2008, 2 million people died due to HIV/AIDS, and another 2.7 million were newly infected.

20. The Global HIV/AIDS Crisis Today • While cases have been reported in all regions of the world, almost all those living with HIV (97%) reside in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. • According to the World Health Organization (WHO), most people living with HIV or at risk for HIV do not have access to prevention, care, and treatment, and there is still no cure.

21. 1981 • On June 5, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publish a Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), describing cases of a rare lung infection, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), in five young, previously healthy, gay men in Los Angeles. All the men have other unusual infections as well, indicating that their immune systems are not working; two have already died by the time the report is published. This edition of the MMWR marks the first official reporting of what will become known as the AIDS epidemic.

22. 1981 • By year-end, there is a cumulative total of 270 reported cases of severe immune deficiency among gay men, and 121 of those individuals have died.

23. 1991 • On July 21, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend restrictions on the practice of HIV-positive healthcare workers and Congress enacts a law requiring states to adopt the CDC restrictions or to develop and adopt their own.

24. 1991 • On November 7, American basketball star Earvin “Magic” Johnson announces that he is HIV-positive. • On November 24, Freddie Mercury, lead singer/ songwriter of the rock band Queen, dies of bronchial pneumonia resulting from AIDS.

25. 2001 • After generic drug manufacturers offer to produce discounted, generic forms of HIV/AIDS drugs for developing countries; several major pharmaceutical manufacturers agree to offer further reduced drug prices to those countries.

26. 2011 • Public debate begins on whether the longstanding ban on transplants of HIV-infected organs should be dropped • AIDS activist and award-winning actress Elizabeth Taylor dies on March 23. One of the first celebrities to advocate on behalf of people living with HIV and AIDS, Taylor was the founding national chairman of amfAR (American Foundation for AIDS Research) , a nonprofit organization that supports AIDS research, HIV prevention, treatment education, and advocates for AIDS-related public policy.