Welcome to CJ 101!!

1. Welcome to CJ 101!! Kaplan University Professor Chad Rosa Unit 4

2. Kaplan University • Once again, a few reminders………

3. Your Professor – Me  • Minnesota – southern metro area • Over 18 years of criminal justice experience including: private security, state patrol, municipal patrol officer and school resource officer

4. Online Learning at KU • KU stands for Kaplan University • Each class is 10 weeks long • Each week is called a Unit • Each unit has several graded items – check the gradebook!!

5. Online Learning at KU • Each unit/week starts on Wednesday & ends at 1159 pm EST on Tuesday • Start your work for each Unit early – DON’T wait until the end of the week to complete your work

6. Online Learning at KU • Want to be successful in my class? • The following are the secrets…

7. Reading • Each unit has a reading link – which tells you which chapter(s) to read • Electronic book/chapters in docsharing • Powerpoints – • Read both  • Start your work for each Unit early – DON’T wait until the end of the week to complete your work

8. Discussion Questions • Each unit has a discussion board question • Always answer the question with at least a 100 word answer • You must respond to at least 3 other students

9. Discussion Questions • Your response to other students - Must give good input and thought – not “good post” etc • Your postings must be spread out over 3 days • Your postings must be spelled correctly and grammatically correct

10. Quizzes • Many units will have a quiz • You can always retake a quiz to get a better grade – most recent score is kept • However, quizzes are only open during the unit, never accepted late

11. Seminars • EASTERN TIME • No seminar during units 5 or 10 • Participation & quality input • If you miss a seminar – alternate assignment to DocSharing, NOT Dropbox 

12. Seminars • If you miss a seminar – • Review the instructions in the seminar link of each unit. • To receive credit for the seminar if you are unable to attend, you are required to write a 1 page paper summary on what we covered. • Review the seminar archive for additional information. • Submit your assignment using the Doc Sharing tab. • Select the option to send to your instructor only.

13. More Success • Go in to DocSharing and print out my example paper and EXACTLY follow that format • MUST write all papers in a Microsoft Word document • MUST write in Times New Roman size 12 font and double space • Cover/title page, body of text and reference page

14. Gradebook • Always check your grade book • Click on each individual grade so you can read my comments • You can always redo and resubmit any work for a better grade – BUT only within ONE week • For example, you receive a low grade on your Unit 2 paper – you have until the end of Unit 3 to resubmit it if you want to

15. Late Work • Late work will only be accepted one week late – for up to full credit • After one week – no credit will be given

16. Unit 3 Recap!! • Graded items: • Discussion board • Quiz • Seminar

17. What do I have to do to complete this unit? • Read Chapters 7 & 8 • Discussion Board • Attend the Seminar • Complete the Quiz • Power Point Project

18. Unit 4 PowerPoint • In Unit 3, (Chapter 6) you learned about the 5 core operational strategies and 1 ancillary operational strategy that are employed by law enforcement agencies to fight and reduce crime.

19. Unit 4 PowerPoint • There are five core operational strategies, each with unique features: • Preventive patrol • Routine incident response • Emergency response • Criminal investigation • Problem solving • Additionally, there is a 6th ancillary operational strategy: support services.

20. Unit 4 PowerPoint • MUST cover 2 things: • Identify and summarize the five core operational strategies and one ancillary operational strategy of law enforcement • Explain how these strategies are used by law enforcement agencies to achieve their crime fighting goals

21. Unit 4 Power Point • Summarize the 5 Core Operational Strategies and the 6th Ancillary Strategy. • Each Strategy must be at least a full slide in length – prefer if it was 2 slides.

22. Strategies – 6 total! • Core: • Preventive Patrol • Routine Patrol • Emergency Patrol • Criminal Investigation • Problem Solving • Ancillary: • Support Services

23. Unit 4 Power Point • Requirements: (Very Important!!) • Summarize the strategy • Explain how the police use that strategy to fight crime

24. Power Point Format • Slide 1 = Cover slide • Slides 2-7+ = Summary of each strategy • Last slide = Reference slide

25. THE NEXT FEW SLIDES ARE VERY IMPORTANT PLEASE GIVE ME YOUR ATTENTION

26. Unit 4 Discussion Board • Miranda v Arizona • Must go to these websites to read about Miranda: www.law.cornell.edu www.findlaw.com www.landmarkcases.org

27. Unit 4 Discussion Board • Miranda v Arizona • Must have TWO things for Miranda to apply: • Person is “in-custody” – arrest or just being detained and not free to leave • Person is being interrogated – being asked questions that are incriminating

28. What do I have to do to complete this unit? • Read Chapters 7 and 8 • Respond to the Discussion Board • Complete Quiz • Attend Seminar • Complete Power Point Project

29. Unit 4 Policing: Legal Aspects Unit 4 examines the responsibilities of policing as related to upholding the constitution. Further, it examines, the methods used to combat crime, and the growing role of technology in policing.

30. Policing: Legal Environment No one is above the law…not even the police.

31. Unit 4 – Policing • Policing: Legal Environment • The U.S. Constitution was designed to protect against abuses of police power. • Restraints on police behavior: • Help to ensure individual freedoms. • Must be balanced against the need for police to effectively do their jobs.

32. Unit 4 – Policing • Changing Legal Climate • The U.S. Constitution, especially the Bill of Rights, is designed to protect citizens from abuses in police power. • Due Process is required by 4th, 5th, 6th, and 14th Constitutional Amendments.

33. Search and Seizure: The Fourth Amendment • The Fourth Amendment protects one’s privacy from unreasonable searches and seizures.

34. Unit 4 – Policing • What is the fruit of the poisoned tree doctrine?

35. Unit 4 – Policing • The Exclusionary Rule • Weeks v. U.S. (1914) established the exclusionary rule. • Illegally seized evidence cannot be used in a trial. • This rule acts as a control over police behavior. • The decision was only binding to federal officers. • Mapp v. Ohio (1961) extended the rule to the states. • The 14th Amendment due process applies to local police, not just federal officers.

36. Unit 4 – Policing • Fruits of Poisoned Tree • Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. U.S. (1918) • Because illegally seized evidence cannot be used in a trial, neither can evidence that derives from an illegal seizure.

37. Reasonable Suspicion Versus Probable Cause • Reasonable suspicion is a general and reasonable belief that a crime is in progress or has occurred whereas probable cause is a reasonable belief that a particular person has committed a specific crime.

38. Unit 4 – Policing • Describe the circumstances under which police officers may search vehicles and the extent to which such searches are permissible…

39. Unit 4 – Policing • Fleeting Targets: Vehicle Searches • Investigatory stops of vehicles required reasonable suspicion. • Warrantless searches of vehicles must be based on probable cause (fleeting-targets exception). • Mobility of vehicles would allow them to quickly flee. • Warrants are necessary if time and circumstances permit them.

40. Unit 4 – Policing • Vehicle Searches • If probable cause exists or if permission is granted, warrantless vehicle searches can extend to any area of the vehicle, including: • the trunk • the glove compartment • sealed containers within the vehicle

41. Unit 4 – Policing • Vehicle Searches • A permissible search of a motor vehicle does not automatically extend to a search of a person within the vehicle. • Occupants can be ordered to step out of the vehicle.

42. Unit 4 – Policing • Vehicle Searches • Illinois v. Caballes (2005) • The use of a drug-sniffing dog during a routine and lawful traffic stop is permissible and may not even be classified as a “search” under the Fourth Amendment.

43. Unit 4 – Policing • Explain how the need to ensure public safety justifies certain suspicionless searches…

44. Unit 4 – Policing • Suspicionless Searches • Suspicionless searches may be necessary in order to ensure public safety. Such searches must be based on compelling interests. • Suspicionless sweeps of busses, trains, planes, and city streets are permissible, as long as: • Police ask permission • Police do not coerce people to consent • Police do not convey the message that compliance is necessary

45. Unit 4 – Policing • Suspicionless Border Searches • Suspicionless searches of vehicles at our nation’s borders are permitted, even when searches are extensive. • U.S. v. Flores-Montano (2004) • “The Government’s authority to conduct suspicionless inspections at the border includes the authority to remove, disassemble, and reassemble a vehicle’s fuel tank.”

46. Unit 4 – Policing • Describe the nature of electronic evidence, and explain how first-on-the-scene law enforcement personnel should handle it…

47. Unit 4 – Policing • High-Technology Searches • Investigating crime is making greater use of high-technology devises and practices, such as thermal imaging devises. • If the government searches a home using a device that is not something used by the general public, and that shows something that wouldn’t be learned without entering the house, then a warrant is required.

48. Unit 4 – Policing • Gaining Electronic Evidence • Proper digital criminal forensics has become increasingly important in today’s modern times. • Electronic evidence is of special concern because it: • is latent • can transcend national and state borders quickly and easily • is fragile and can easily be altered, damaged, compromised, or destroyed by improper handling or improper examination • may be time sensitive

49. Unit 4 – Policing • Warrantless Searches of Electronic Evidence • U.S. v. Carey (1999)—A federal appellate court held that the consent a defendant had given to police for his apartment to be searched did not extend to the search of his computer once it was taken to police station. • U.S. v. Turner held that the warrantless search of a personal computer while in the defendant’s apartment exceeded the scope of his consent.

50. Policing Issues and Challenges “The police at all times should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and that the public are the police.” - Sir Robert Peel, 1829