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Key Components and Phases of Cellular Repair Processes in Healing

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This comprehensive overview delves into the cellular responses involved in tissue repair, highlighting four key components: angiogenesis, fibroblast migration and proliferation, ECM deposition, and remodeling. It explores the emergence of granulation tissue within days of injury and the major factors inducing angiogenesis: bFGF and VEGF. The stages of cutaneous wound healing— inflammation, proliferation, and maturation—are outlined, along with the mechanisms of various signaling pathways. Additionally, it addresses factors influencing wound healing and complications such as hypertrophic scars.

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Key Components and Phases of Cellular Repair Processes in Healing

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Path Jeopardy Cellular Responses

  2. Topic 1: 1 point • What are the four components of repair? • Angiogenesis • Migration and proliferation of fibroblasts • Deposition of ECM • Remodeling

  3. Topic 1: 2 points • By 3-5 days of tissue repair, what specialized tissue appears? Granulation Tissue

  4. Topic 1: 3 points • What are the two major factors that induce angiogenesis? • bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) • VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)

  5. Topic 1: 4 points • What are the three phases of cutaneous wound healing? Inflammation Proliferation Maturation

  6. Topic 1: 5 points This is the simplest type of cutaneous wound repair; healing of a clean, uninfected surgical incision that is then approximated by surgical sutures Healing by primary intention; primary union

  7. Topic 2: 1 point This type of cell replaces neutrophils around 48-96 hours during tissue repair Macrophage

  8. Topic 2: 2 points This is the most important fibrogenic agent in cell proliferation TGF-B

  9. Topic 2: 3 points What are the factors that influence wound healing? Nutrition Metabolic status Circulatory status Hormones Infection Mechanical factors Foreign bodies Size, location, and type of wound

  10. Topic 2: 4 points Excessive formation of collagen that develops following thermal or traumatic injury can give rise to this Hypertrophic Scar

  11. Topic 2: 5 points The signaling mechanism by which the cells respond to the signaling molecules that they themselves secrete Autocrine Signaling

  12. Topic 3: 1 point This signaling mechanism occurs when one cell type produces the ligand and then acts on adjacent target cells that express the appropriate receptor Paracrine signaling

  13. Topic 3: 2 points This signaling mechanism occurs when hormones synthesized by cells of endocrine organs act on target cells distant from their site of synthesis Endocrine signaling

  14. Topic 3: 3 points These receptors transmit signals into the cell through trimeric GTP-binding proteins, contain seven transmembraneα-helices, and constitute the largest family of plasma membrane receptors G-Protein Coupled Receptors

  15. Topic 3: 4 points This type of growth occurs by enlargement of the lobes of the liver that remain after the operation Compensatory growth or compensatory hyperplasia

  16. Topic 3: 5 points This is the most abundant glycoprotein in the basement membrane and it contains binding domains for both ECM and cell surface receptors Laminin

  17. Topic 4: 1 point This substance provides resilience and lubrication to connective tissue (notably for the cartilage in joints) and its concentration increases in inflammatory diseases Hyaluronan

  18. Topic 4: 2 points These are represented by pale platelet and fibrin deposits alternating with darker red cell-rich layers. It signifies that a thrombus has formed in flowing blood Lines of Zahn

  19. Topic 4: 3 points These are thrombi on heart valves resulting from blood-borne bacteria or fungi Vegetations

  20. Topic 4: 4 points These are the consequences of shock The consequences are impaired tissue perfusion and cellular hypoxia

  21. Topic 4: 5 points This lesion in the maternal pulmonary microvasculature contains squamous cells, lanugo hair, fat from vernixcaseosa, and mucin Amniotic Fluid Embolism

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