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Arab-Israeli Conflict

Arab-Israeli Conflict. Chapter 28 Section 2. Conflict over Palestine. After WWI and the break up of the Ottoman Empire, Britain had control over Arab Palestine However, it was not a British colony Jews had been forced from Palestine by the Romans more than 1900 years before

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Arab-Israeli Conflict

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  1. Arab-Israeli Conflict Chapter 28 Section 2

  2. Conflict over Palestine • After WWI and the break up of the Ottoman Empire, Britain had control over Arab Palestine • However, it was not a British colony • Jews had been forced from Palestine by the Romans more than 1900 years before • They dreamed of returning to Palestine and establishing a homeland for all Jews • This was known as the Zionist movement

  3. Zionism • Anti-Semitism (hatred of Jews) was wide spread in Europe (even before the Holocaust) • As a result, European Jews began migrating to Palestine to escape the violence • Theodor Herzl encouraged even more Jews to move to Palestine • Asked British, and other European nations, to support their movement • British issues the Balfour Declaration which stated: (See pg 587) • Britain favors the establishment of a home for Jews in Palestine as long as nothing is done to non-Jewish settlements already there

  4. Arab Response • Palestinians want own independent state • More Arabs and Christians lived in Palestine than Jews • As anti-Semitism increased in Europe, more Jews moved to Palestine and bought land from the Arabs • How did the buying up of land lead to more conflict between the Jews and Arabs? (see pg 588) • Jews bought farmland and the Arabs that worked the land were now homeless and unskilled. They rose up against the Jews

  5. Founding of Israel • After WWII, more Jewish refugees flee to Palestine for safety • Determined to establish state where Jews can live in safety • Palestinians opposed the arrival of the Jews • They didn’t want to lose their homeland because of the anti-Semitism in Europe • Britain withdraws its authority from Palestine; control is returned to the United Nations

  6. Partition and War • The UN decides to partition (split) Palestine into an Arab state (Palestine) and Jewish state (Israel) • Israel declares its independence • Is recognized my major world powers, including the US • Arab nations refuse to recognize Israel WHY? (see pg 616) • Israel is the creation of western powers who wanted to continue

  7. Partition and War • Arab nations declare war on Israel • Israel wins and gains control of ½ the land set aside for the Arab state • Egypt gains control of the Gaza Strip • Jordan takes the rest of Palestine

  8. Summary • Why was the state of Israel created? • Do you think Israel should exist for this reason?

  9. Palestinian Refugees • During and after the war, hundreds of thousands of Palestinian refugees fled Palestine • Many settled in refugee camps set up in nearby Arab nations • Supposed to be temporary; became permanent • Arab and Palestinian leaders didn’t want to abandon the camps WHY? (see pg 617) • Thought it would show they were willing to give up a Palestinian homeland

  10. Continued Conflict • Three other wars have occurred (1956, 1967, 1973) • Six Day War (1967) • Israel wins, gains: • Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip from Egypt • Golan Heights from Syria • West Bank from Jordan • East Jerusalem from Arabs • Called occupied territories

  11. YES-NO-WHY • Israel should return the lands gained during the 1967 war.

  12. The Cold War • Between the US and SU • US supported Israel • SU supported Arab states • Both provide money and weapons to their allies • Neither US or SU pushed their allies to work on peace

  13. The PLO • Palestinian leaders formed the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964 WHY? (see pg 617-618) • Reclaim Palestine and destroy Israel • PLO doesn’t just fight Israel, but also those nations that support Israel • Have struck against the US (hijackings) • Israel responds with reprisals against the PLO • Reprisal: forceful act in response to injury

  14. Struggle to Achieve Peace • Arab nations refuse to negotiate with Israel • Support terrorist efforts • Call for Israel’s destruction • Israel doesn’t want an Arab state • Threatens their security • Egypt, an Arab nation, has signed a peace treaty with Israel

  15. Palestinian Uprising

  16. Difficult Issues • Israelis • Refuse to negotiate due to terrorist activities • Encourage Jews to live in occupied territories; it’s their historic right • Jerusalem is the capital of Israel • Don’t want Palestinians who fled to return; afraid they will overwhelm Israel • Palestinians • Want own homeland • Believe Jews shouldn’t live in occupied territories • Palestinians want Jerusalem to be the capital of Palestine • Want Palestinians who fled during the wars to be allowed to return • Don’t want Jewish settlements in West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem

  17. Oslo Accords • In 1993, Israel and Palestine agree to recognize one another • PLO promises to stop attacking Israel • Israel agrees to withdraw troops from occupied areas • The Palestinian Authority is created • Acted as the government for Palestinians • Yassir Arafat becomes the leader

  18. New Uprisings • Peace talks stalled • Palestinians attacked military and civilian targets • Used suicide bombers • Israel responds by invading Palestinian-ruled areas • Attack Palestinians, including civilians • Increased the fighting between the two groups

  19. YES-NO-WHY • The Israelis and Palestinians will reach a peace agreement.

  20. Assignment • If there is a peace agreement, what should each side receive as a result? Be sure to explain why you believe this is a fair peace plan. Don’t forget to examine the difficult issues facing both sides.

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