It is common for women with PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) to wonder whether their condition is autoimmune in nature. PCOS is complex, affects multiple systems in the body, and often overlaps with inflammatory and metabolic issues. With growing research into hormonal and immune health, the question arises: Is PCOS an autoimmune disease, or does it simply share similarities with autoimmune conditions?
Understanding PCOS and the Immune System
An autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the body. Conditions such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, and coeliac disease fall into this category. PCOS, however, is not currently classified as an autoimmune disorder. There is no definitive evidence that the immune system directly attacks ovarian tissue in women with PCOS. That said, research has shown that women with PCOS often experience chronic low-grade inflammation. This ongoing inflammatory state may explain why PCOS frequently coexists with autoimmune conditions, particularly thyroid disorders. While PCOS itself is not autoimmune, immune dysfunction may still play a contributing role in symptom severity.
The Role of Insulin Resistance
One of the defining features of PCOS is insulin resistance, which affects a significant proportion of women with the condition. When the body becomes resistant to insulin, blood sugar levels rise, and insulin production increases. Elevated insulin can stimulate excess androgen production, disrupting ovulation and contributing to symptoms such as irregular cycles, acne, and unwanted hair growth. Insulin resistance also contributes to inflammation in the body, which may further stress the immune system. This overlap between metabolic dysfunction and inflammation is often why PCOS can feel similar to autoimmune conditions, even though the underlying mechanisms are different.
Medical and Supplement-Based Approaches
Because PCOS is not autoimmune, treatment focuses on managing hormonal and metabolic imbalances rather than suppressing the immune system. Metformin is commonly prescribed to improve insulin sensitivity and regulate menstrual cycles. However, not all women tolerate Metformin well due to gastrointestinal side effects. As research evolves, PCOS supplements have become increasingly popular, particularly Inositol. Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol are naturally occurring compounds involved in insulin signalling. Together, they help improve glucose uptake, reduce insulin resistance, and lower androgen levels. The Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol 40:1 ratio is considered the most effective balance for managing PCOS-related symptoms. This ratio mirrors the body’s natural physiology and is often chosen for long-term support due to its favourable side-effect profile.
Diet and Daily Habits Still Matter
Regardless of whether PCOS is autoimmune, diet and daily habits remain essential. A balanced diet that includes low-GI carbohydrates, lean protein, healthy fats, and fibre can support blood sugar stability and reduce inflammation. Regular movement, quality sleep, and stress management also help regulate hormones and metabolic function. While supplements such as Myo-inositol can provide additional support, they are most effective when combined with consistent, supportive habits.
Check with a Health Professional
PCOS is a long-term condition that requires individualised care. Always consult a qualified health professional before starting any medication or supplement. They can help determine whether treatments like Metformin, dietary changes, or Inositol are appropriate for your needs. Although PCOS is not an autoimmune disease, its links to inflammation and metabolic dysfunction highlight the importance of comprehensive, professional care to support long-term health and well-being.
