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Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions. Compounds and Mixtures. Different compositions. Same compositions. The same number of protons. Cannot be separated physically. Variable properties. Similar properties. Molecules and Covalent Bonds.

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Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

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  1. Chapter 2Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

  2. Compounds and Mixtures Different compositions Same compositions The same number of protons Cannot be separated physically Variable properties Similar properties

  3. Molecules and Covalent Bonds Covalent Bond: Results when two atoms share several (usually two) electrons. Typically a nonmetal bonded to a nonmetal Molecule: The unit of matter that results when two or more atoms are joined by covalent bonds.

  4. Molecules and Covalent Bonds Insert Figure 2.12 p56

  5. Ions and Ionic Bonds Ionic Bond: A transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another. A strong electrical attraction between charged particles. Typically a metal bonded to a nonmetal. Ion: A charged particle Cation: A positively charged particle. Metals tend to form cations. Anion: A negatively charged particle. Nonmetals tend to form anions.

  6. Na + Cl Na1+ + Cl1- Molecules, Ions, and Chemical Bonds In the formation of sodium chloride, one electron is transferred from the sodium atom to the chlorine atom. 11 protons 11 electrons 17 protons 17 electrons 11 protons 10 electrons 17 protons 18 electrons

  7. Naming Chemical Compounds Cation Charges for Typical Main-Group Ions 1+ 2+ 3+

  8. Naming Chemical Compounds Anion Charges for Typical Main-Group Ions 3- 2- 1-

  9. Naming Ionic Compounds To name a compound that contains two elements, • identify the cation and anion. • name the cation first, followed by the name of the anion with an –ide ending.

  10. Naming Chemical Compounds Ionic Compound: A neutral compound in which the total number of positive charges must equal the total number of negative charges. Total positive charge = Total negative charge

  11. Naming Chemical Compounds Some transition metals form more than one cation

  12. Naming Chemical Compounds Use Roman numerals in parentheses to indicate the charge on metals that form more than one kind of cation. Binary Ionic Compounds iron(III) oxide: Fe3+ O2- Fe2O3 tin(II) chloride: Sn2+ Cl- SnCl2 lead(II) fluoride: Pb2+ F- PbF2

  13. Example Write the formula and names of the following compounds: 1) K+ and Br- 2) Al3+ and O2- 3) Pb4+ and S2- 4) Cu2+ and F-

  14. Naming Chemical Compounds Binary Molecular Compounds Because nonmetals often combine with one another in different proportions to form different compounds, numerical prefixes are usually included in the names of binary molecular compounds.

  15. Naming Chemical Compounds N2F4 The first element listed is more cationlike and takes the name of the element. The second element listed is more anionlike and takes the name of the element with an “ide” modification to the ending. The prefix is added to the front of each to indicate the number of each atom. dinitrogen tetrafluoride

  16. Naming Chemical Compounds Binary Molecular Compounds Whenever the prefix ends in “a” or “o” and the element name begins with a vowel, drop the “a” or “o” in the prefix. N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide Whenever the prefix for the first element is “mono,” drop it. CO2 carbon dioxide CO carbon monoxide

  17. Learning Check Write the name of each covalent compound. P2O5 _____________________ SiCl4 _____________________ CCl4 _____________________ N2O _____________________

  18. Naming Chemical Compounds memorize

  19. Learning Check Write formula and name of the following compounds: A. Mg2+ and NO3- B. Al3+ and BrO4- C. Fe2+ and HSO4- D. Ba2+ and PO33-

  20. Examples Write the correct formula for each. A. aluminum nitrate B. copper(II) nitrate C. iron(III) hydrogen sulfite D. tin(IV) hydroxide

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