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Accessibility Awareness Lawrence Najjar

Accessibility Awareness Lawrence Najjar. Outline. Purpose Accessibility awareness quiz Definitions Section 508 Accessibility requirements Accessibility resources Accessibility verification tools Summary. Purpose. Improve accessibility awareness. Accessibility Awareness Quiz.

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Accessibility Awareness Lawrence Najjar

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  1. Accessibility AwarenessLawrence Najjar

  2. Outline • Purpose • Accessibility awareness quiz • Definitions • Section 508 • Accessibility requirements • Accessibility resources • Accessibility verification tools • Summary

  3. Purpose • Improve accessibility awareness

  4. Accessibility Awareness Quiz

  5. Question 1 How many people in the world have a disability? a) Over 50,000 people b) Over 500,000 people c) Over 5 million people d) Over 50 million people e) Over 500 million people

  6. Answer How many people in the world have a disability? e) Over 500 million people Source: United Nations (2002). The UN and persons with disabilities: United Nations commitment to advancement of the status of persons with disabilities [On-line]. Available: http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/disun.htm

  7. Question 2 What percentage of Americans have disabilities? a) 10% b) 20% c) 30% d) 40% e) 50%

  8. Answer What percentage of Americans have disabilities? b) 20% (about 54 million people) Source: McNeil, J. M. (1997, August). Current population reports: Americans with disabilities: 1994-95. Census Bureau (P70-61) [On-line]. Available: http://www.census.gov/prod/3/97pubs/p70-61.pdf

  9. Question 3 What is the most common disability among Americans? a) Grasping objects b) Hearing c) Seeing d) Speaking e) Walking/using stairs

  10. Answer What is the most common disability among Americans? e) Walking/using stairs Source: U.S. Census Bureau (1997). Americans with disabilities: 1997 – Table2 [On-line]. Available: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disable/sipp/disab97/ds97t2.html

  11. Question 4 What percentage of legally blind people read Braille? a) 10% b) 25% c) 50% d) 75% e) 100%

  12. Answer What percentage of legally blind people read Braille? a) 10% Source: Web, C. Myths about vision loss and blindness [On-line]. Available: http://www.99main.com/~charlief/vi/myths.html

  13. Question 5 What percentage of men are color deficient? a) 1% b) 4% c) 8% d) 12% e) 16%

  14. Answer What percentage of men are color deficient? c) 8% Source: American Optometric Association. Color deficiency [On-line]. Available: http://www.aoa.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?site=AOAstage&WebCode=ColorDeficiency Note: Less than 1% of women are color deficient. Only about 0.005% of people are truly color blind Henderson, C. Color vision [On-line]. Available: http://www.iamcal.com/toys/colors/stats.php Newman, J. D. (1998). Color blindness [On-line]. Available: http://srv2.lycoming.edu/~newman/courses/bio22298/disorderpapers/Colorblindness/preliminary.htm)

  15. Question 6 What is the unemployment rate for working age Americans with severe disabilities (ex. cannot see or cannot hear)? a) 6% b) 10% c) 14% d) 36% e) 70%

  16. Answer What is the unemployment rate for working age Americans with severe disabilities (ex. cannot see or cannot hear)? e) 70% Sources: Bureau of the Census (1994, January). Americans with disabilities. Bureau of the Census statistical brief [On-line]. Available: http://www.sipp.census.gov/sipp/sb94_01.pdf) Williams, J. (2001, September 7). Making Uncle Sam accessible – and accountable. BusinessWeek Online [On-line]. Available: http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/sep2001/sb2001097_766.htm Kaye, H. S. (1998, May). Is the status of people with disabilities improving? Disability Statistics Abstract, 21 [On-line]. Available: http://www.dsc.ucsf.edu/UCSF/pdf/ABSTRACT21.pdf

  17. Question 7 What is the earning difference for disabled workers compared to non-disabled workers? a) -20% b) 0% c) 10% d) 20% e) 30%

  18. Answer What is the earning difference for disabled workers compared to non-disabled workers? a) -20% Source: Kaye, H. S. (1998, May). Is the status of people with disabilities improving? Disability Statistics Abstract, 21 [On-line]. Available: http://www.dsc.ucsf.edu/UCSF/pdf/ABSTRACT21.pdf

  19. Question 8 Of Americans receiving government assistance (ex. food, rent), what percentage are disabled? a) 10% b) 20% c) 30% d) 40% e) 50%

  20. Answer Of Americans receiving government assistance (ex. food, rent), what percentage are disabled? e) 50% Source: U.S. Department of Commerce (1997, December). Census brief: Disabilities affect one-fifth of all Americans (CENBR/97-5) [On-line]. Available: http://www.census.gov/prod/3/97pubs/cenbr975.pdf

  21. Question 9 What percentage of Americans 45 or older has a disability? a) 15% b) 30% c) 45% d) 60% e) 75%

  22. Answer What percentage of Americans 45 or older has a disability? c) 45% Source: Bureau of the Census (1994, January). Americans with disabilities. Bureau of the Census statistical brief [On-line]. Available: http://www.sipp.census.gov/sipp/sb94_01.pdf

  23. Question 10 In 2010, what percentage of the American Workforce will be 40 or older? a) 11% b) 21% c) 31% d) 41% e) 51%

  24. Answer In 2010, what percentage of the American workforce will be 40 or older? e) 51% Source: Microsoft. Shifting workplace demographics and delayed retirement [On-line]. Available: http://www.microsoft.com/enable/aging/demographics.aspx

  25. Definitions • Disability -- Functional limitation in vision, hearing, movement, manipulation (for example, fine movements to use mouse), speech, and interpretation of information (for example, dyslexia and other cognitive challenges) • Accessibility – Providing persons with disabilities comparable access to and use of information and data as persons without disabilities

  26. Section 508 • Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act amendments of 1998 • For Federal purchases of information technology • Requires Federal employees and members of the public with disabilities to have access to and use of information and data comparable to that of employees and members of the public without disabilities • Is spreading beyond Federal government

  27. Some Accessibility Requirements

  28. Provide Keyboard-Only Access to All Functions

  29. Use Variable Font Sizes

  30. Larger Font Size

  31. Don’t Use Color as Only Way to Convey Information Before After

  32. Provide Equivalent Text for Graphics Go Go

  33. Provide Text Equivalents for Multimedia

  34. Design Web Pages to Make Sense When Users Turn Off Cascading Style Sheets

  35. Use Table SUMMARY and CAPTION Tags <TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=1 FRAME=BOX summary="This database status summary table lists the Status, Office, Datasource, and DBMS (column headings) and the regions (rows)"> <CAPTION>Database Backups</CAPTION> <TR> <TH></TH> <TH id="c2">Status</TH> <TH id="c3">Office</TH> <TH id="c4">Datasource</TH> <TH id="c5">DBMS</TH> </TR> <TR> <TH id="r2">East Region</TH> <TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR> <TD id="r3" ></TD> <TD headers="c2 r2r3">Failed</TD> <TD headers="c3 r2 r3">New York</TD> <TD headers="c4 r2 r3">zimbabwe : ZIM817MA</TD> <TD headers="c5 r2 r3">Oracle 8.0.5</TD></TR> . . . </TABLE>

  36. Accessibility Resources • Feigenbaum, B. A. (2002, October 1). Coding for accessibility – Use JFC/Swing to build accessibility into your Java applications [On-line]. Available: http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-access/ • Section 508 [On-line]. Available: http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/act.htm • Sun Microsystems (2003). Accessibility quick reference [On-line]. Available: http://www.sun.com/access/ developers/access.quick.ref.html#apptips • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Web accessibility initiative [On-line]. Available: http://www.w3.org/WAI/

  37. Accessibility Verification Tools • A-prompt (http://aprompt.snow.utoronto.ca/index.html) • Bobby (http://bobby.watchfire.com/bobby/html/en/index.jsp) • Connect Outloud (http://www.hj.com/fs_downloads/connect_form.asp) • LIFT (http://www.usablenet.com/) • Lynx (http://lynx.browser.org/) • Monochrome printer • Navigation with non-dominant hand • Vischeck (http://www.vischeck.com/) • WAVE (http://www.wave.webaim.org/index.jsp) • Web Page Backward Compatibility Viewer (http://www.delorie.com/web/wpbcv.html)

  38. Summary For maximum accessibility: • Design in accessibility from the start • Verify accessibility with checklists, tools, and accessibility tests

  39. Some Accessibility Suggestions • Use cascading style sheets (example) • Provide high contrast for text (example) • Use variable page and column widths (example) • Use tab order that makes sense to users (example) • Use meaningful link text (example) • Use ID, LABEL, and FOR to associate prompts and entry fields in forms (example) • Use ID tags to label cells in tables (example) • For Javascript events, such as onMouseover, provide text alternatives (example) • Provide a way for users to skip lists of site navigation links (example) • Don’t use unnecessary graphics (example)

  40. Example for “Use cascading style sheets”

  41. Example for “Provide high contrast for text” Before After Date (mm/dd/yyyy): Date (mm/dd/yyyy):

  42. Example for “Use variable page and column widths-A” Fixed Width Variable Width

  43. Example for “Use variable page and column widths-B” Fixed Width Variable Width

  44. Example for “Use tab order that makes sense to users” 1 5 4 2 3 6 7 8 11 10 13 9 12 38 39 40 41 14 42 15 43 44

  45. Example for “Use meaningful link text” Before To contact Support, click here. After Contact Support

  46. Example for “Use ID, LABEL, and FOR to associate prompts and entry fields in forms” <table> <TR> <TH align="left"> <LABEL for="FN">First Name</LABEL></TH> <TH align="left"> <LABEL for="MI">Middle Initial</LABEL></TH> <TH align="left"> <LABEL for="LN">Last Name</LABEL></TH> </TR> <TR> <TD> <INPUT type="text" name="Fname" id="FN"> </TD> <TD> <INPUT type="text" name="Mname" id="MN"> </TD> <TD> <INPUT type="text" name="Lname" id="LN"> </TD> </TR> </table>

  47. Example of “Use ID tags to label cells in tables” <TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=1 FRAME=BOX summary="This database status summary table lists the Status, Office, Datasource, and DBMS (column headings) and the regions (rows)"> <CAPTION>Database Backups</CAPTION> <TR> <TH></TH> <TH id="c2">Status</TH> <TH id="c3">Office</TH> <TH id="c4">Datasource</TH> <TH id="c5">DBMS</TH> </TR> <TR> <TH id="r2">East Region</TH> <TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR> <TD id="r3" ></TD> <TD headers="c2 r2 r3">Failed</TD> <TD headers="c3 r2 r3">New York</TD> <TD headers="c4 r2 r3">zimbabwe : ZIM817MA</TD> <TD headers="c5 r2 r3">Oracle 8.0.5</TD></TR> . . . </TABLE>

  48. Example for “For Javascript events, such as onMouseover, provide text alternatives”

  49. Example of “Provide a way for users to skip lists of site navigation links” <a href="#main"><img alt="Skip to main content" height="1" width="1" border="0" src="//www.ibm.com/i/c.gif"/></a> . . . <a name="main"><!--Main Content--></a> . . .

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