Climate Change

1. Climate Change https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/460/blue-marble-eastern-hemisphere/

2. roberta.tevlin@tdsb.on.ca, roberta.tevlin@tdsb.on.ca

3. https://resources.perimeterinstitute.ca/collections/featured/products/evidence-for-climate-change?variant=12375510089806https://resources.perimeterinstitute.ca/collections/featured/products/evidence-for-climate-change?variant=12375510089806

4. The Ontario Association of Physics Teachers Presents: First time attendees can apply for supply coverage!

5. Part 1: The evidence for global warming Part 2: The cause of global warming Part 3: Other effects of climate change Part 4: Ways to reduce climate change

6. Atmospheric temperature In what year would you have been convinced? http://www.realclimate.org/images//compare_obs_2016.png

7. Atmospheric temperature Use the most recent data. http://www.realclimate.org/images//compare_obs_2016.png

8. Is this evidence for global warming? A) Yes, Arctic B) No, Antarctic https://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/our-changing-climate/melting-ice#intro-section-2

9. Which display of the data is more convincing? A) Annual B) Cumulative Image courtesy of Mark Dyurgerov, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder.

10. PI: The container of red water is placed in much hotter water. What will happen? Why?

11. PI: Ice, water and rocks are placed in two cups. What happens to the water levels as the ice melts? A) both rise equally B) right rises more C) only left rises D) only right rises

12. PI: Ice, water and rocks are placed in two cups. What happens to the water levels as the ice melts? A) both rise equally B) right rises more C) only left rises D) only right rises

13. Why will global warming cause the sea level to rise ? icebergs, ice sheets and glaciers melt water expands, ice sheets and glaciers melt water expands, icebergs and glaciers melt water expands, icebergs and ice sheets melt

14. Rising Global Sea Level Are these scientists in agreement? http://www.realclimate.org/images//haysl13.jpg

15. Alaska has been experiencing a decrease in sea level over the last decade. Does that disprove global warming?

16. Alaska has been experiencing a decrease in sea level over the last decade. Does that disprove global warming?

17. PI: The balloon on the right is ¼ water. What will happen if a flame is put under each? the empty one will burst first the water one will burst first

18. PI: Water has a huge heat capacity and the ocean is very deep and wide. How has this affected global warming? It has made it worse reduced the effect had no effect

19. Part 2: What is causing global warming?

20. PI: Many causes of global warming have been suggested. Each of these can be tested with a computer model. What is the effect of; aerosol pollution greenhouse gases land use changes ozone depletion solar variation volcanic eruptions

21. As ozone decreases and greenhouse gases increase, there is an increase in temperature. Which should we be concerned about? mostly greenhouse gases B) mostly ozone C) greenhouse gases and ozone equally Explain your choice. A nice summary https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-whats-warming-the-world

22. Certain gases in our atmosphere make our climate more comfortable through the greenhouse effect. The Earth and the Moon are about the same distance from the Sun, but their temperatures are very different. The Moon ranges from 100o C in the day to -170 Co at night!

23. Watch Why is the Atmosphere Warming? (Perimeter Resource)

24. Record the present temperature, humidity, and the concentrations of the three gases. https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/legacy/greenhouse

25. http://kcvs.ca/site/projects/JS_files/Collisional_Heating/CollisionalHeating.htmlhttp://kcvs.ca/site/projects/JS_files/Collisional_Heating/CollisionalHeating.html

26. Carbon dioxide levels in the past can be measured using air bubbles frozen in ice cores at the poles. They show that CO2 levels fluctuate naturally. Is the recent increase part of this natural fluctuation?

27. Where is the carbon dioxide coming from? Carbon moves around the Earth in different forms, but the total amount of carbon on the Earth does not change.

28. Carbon spends time in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, in the biosphere as organic matter, in the hydrosphere as carbonates and carbonic acid and in the lithosphere as fossil fuels, like coal, oil and natural gas. Most of the carbon is stored in the lithosphere.

29. Where is carbon decreasing? atmosphere biosphere lithosphere hydrosphere

30. Where is carbon increasing? atmosphere biosphere lithosphere hydrosphere

31. Watch UQx DENIAL101x 1.2.1.1 Consensus of Evidence Many lines of evidence show that greenhouse gases are causing global warming. What are four described in the video? https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=306&v=5LvaGAEwxYs

32. Watch UQx DENIAL101x 1.2.1.1 Consensus of Evidence What is the evidence for a ‘human fingerprint’, i.e. that we are producing the gases that are causing the warming ? How is this connection explained? https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=306&v=5LvaGAEwxYs

33. Is this evidence of a human fingerprint?

34. Is this evidence of a human fingerprint?

35. Is this evidence of a human fingerprint? CO2 concentrations from Mauna Loa, Hawaii and Baring Head, New Zealand (long line)and atmospheric oxygen measurements from Alert, Canada and Cape Grim, Australia (short lines) (IPCC AR4 2.3.1 adapted from Manning 2006).

36. Is this evidence of a human fingerprint?

37. Part 3: What are the effects of climate change?

38. Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect is expected to do much more than just raise temperatures. This is why scientists prefer to call the problem climate change.

39. Rising Sea Levels: Scientists expect the global sea level to rise by 0.50 to 1.65 m by 2100. Why will local effects vary greatly from this average?

40. The same rise in global sea level can have very different effects locally. Why?

41. Go to https://ss2.climatecentral.org/ What will happen if global sea levels rise by 1.5 m in Toronto? In Vancouver? What cities outside of Canada will be most affected? Explain.

42. Extreme Weather: Warmer temperatures will increase the evaporation of water. The atmosphere already holds 4% more water than it did 40 years ago. The increased evaporation will increase the frequency and intensity of A) droughts B) fires C) snowfall D) all three

43. Extreme Weather: Storm surges are the temporary raising of water level caused by low pressures during a storm. There is going to be more damage from storm surges and flooding because of higher sea levels B) stronger winds C) heavier rainfall D) all three

44. Does this graph show more extreme weather?

45. Many effects form feedback loops that can accelerate or decelerate climate change. Which of the following will not speed up climate change? A) Melting permafrost releases methane. B) Melting snow and ice decreases reflection. C) Warmer air causes more evaporation. D) The oceans dissolve more carbon.

46. Warmer oceans dissolve more carbon. This becomes carbonic acid. PI: Blow into bromothymol blue. Place calcium carbonate (chalk) in vinegar. How will more carbonic acid affect the ocean ecosystems?

47. A container of water was placed over a glass of hot water (left) and an empty glass (right). Red food colouring was added at the bottom left with a dropper and a green ice cube was put on the top right. What happens and why? What drives the ocean currents? A) cold water sinking B) hot water rising C) both

48. Warmer ocean surfaces reduce upwelling. Why? The warmer water is less dense and a greater push is needed to bring the colder water up. Less upwelling means less nutrients coming to the surface and less phytoplankton which are responsible for over half of the earth’s photosynthesis. Does this form a feedback loop?

49. How much of Europe is further north than Toronto? The Gulf Stream is driven by cold salty water sinking in the Arctic. What will change? http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/geography/oceanography/dynamics/gulf.htm

50. Part 4: How can we slow climate change?