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Comparison of Adjectives Comparison of Adverbs

Comparison of Adjectives Comparison of Adverbs. What do the levels of adjectives look like in English?.

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Comparison of Adjectives Comparison of Adverbs

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  1. Comparison of AdjectivesComparison of Adverbs

  2. What do the levels of adjectives look like in English? In English, some comparisons are regular, like the ones that add -(i)er and -(i)est, or more and most. And some are irregular, like good-better-best. So too in Latin: some adjectives show predictable changes and some do not. Chapter 6 introduces regular comparatives & superlatives.

  3. The general rules for the regular Latin comparison of adjectives • First, find the BASEon which all the comparative and superlative forms are made. You do this by removing any genitive singular ending of the adjective. • An adjective like beâtus, a, um gives the genitive forms beâtî (masculine), beâtae (feminine), beâtî (neuter). Remove the genitive endings -î, -âe, or -î and you have as a base: BEÂT-

  4. The general rules for the regular Latin comparison of adjectives • First, find the BASEon which all the comparative and superlative forms are made. You do this by removing any genitive singular ending of the adjective. • An adjective like fidêlis, -e gives the genitive forms fidêlis (in all genders) Remove the genitive -is and you have as a base: FIDÊL-

  5. The general rules for the regular Latin comparison of adjectives • Use the BASE to form BOTH the comparative AND the superlative degrees of the adjective. • BASE + -IOR/-IUS= COMPARATIVE FORM • BASE + -ISSIMUS = SUPERLATIVE FORM BEÂTIOR, BEÂTIUS, “more blessed, happier” genitive for m-f-n: beâtiôris BEÂTISSIMUS, -A, -UM, “most blessed, happiest” or “very blessed, very happy” FIDÊLIOR, FIDÊLIUS, “more faithful” genitive for m-f-n: fidêliôris FIDÊLISSIMUS, -A, -UM, “most faithful” or “very faithful”

  6. The general rules for the regular Latin comparison of adjectives • The declension for the comparative adjectives:

  7. The general rules for the regular Latin comparison of adjectives • The declension for the superlative adjectives:

  8. Examples of the regular Latin comparison of adjectives

  9. Examples of exceptions to the regular Latin comparison of adjectives • The rule: • If the positive form in the masculine nominative singular ends in -er, then double the –r and add -imus -a -um in the superlative • The rule: • If the positive form in the masculine nominative singular ends in -lis, then double the –l and add -imus -a -um in the superlative

  10. Comparative and superlative adverbs • The rule: • The comparative adverb is the same form as the comparative adjective in the neuter nominative/accusative singular • The rule: • The superlative adverb is the same form as the superlative adjective in the masculine nominative singular, except change the -us to -e

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