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Washington Forest Protection Association

American Forests Sierra Club Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission Indian Tribes of Washinton Governors Office State legislature Academics/ research organizations Washington Environmental Council Commissioner of Public Lands Forest Practices Board Major Forest Companies

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Washington Forest Protection Association

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  1. American Forests Sierra Club Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission Indian Tribes of Washinton Governors Office State legislature Academics/ research organizations Washington Environmental Council Commissioner of Public Lands Forest Practices Board Major Forest Companies Nucleus of Power Department of Natural Resources Washington State Department of Ecology Washington State Society of American Foresters Washington Audubon Society Forestry Workers/ unions U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Izaak Walton League (Washington State) Washington State Wildlife Society Washington Recreation and Park Association Washington Wildlife Federation Diagram: 5.2: WASHINGTON STATE FOREST POLICY COMMUNITY: 1975 Washington Forest Protection Association SUB-GOVERNMENT Policy participation Policy advocacy ATTENTIVE PUBLIC Shading represents eco-forest groups Adapted from Wilson (1990: 146)

  2. American Forests Sierra Club Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission Washington Wildlfie and Recreation Coalition Indian Tribes of Washinton Governors Office State legislature Washington State Department of Fisheries Academics/ research organizations Washington Environmental Council Commissioner of Public Lands Washington State Department of Wildlife Forest Practices Board Major Forest Companies Washington Farm Forestry Association Nucleus of Power Department of Natural Resources Timber/Fish/Wildlife Process Washington State Department of Labour Washington State Department of Ecology Washington State Department of Industry Washington State Society of American Foresters Washington Audubon Society Unions Izaak Walton League (Washington State) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Washington State Wildlife Society Trout Unlimited Washington Council Washington Recreation and Park Association Washington Wildlife Federation Diagram 5.3: WASHINGTON STATE FOREST POLICY COMMUNITY: 1995 Washington Forest Protection Association SUB-GOVERNMENT Policy participation Policy advocacy ATTENTIVE PUBLIC Shading represents eco-forest groups Adapted from Wilson (1990: 146)

  3. American Forests Sierra Club Governors Office State legislature Academics/ research organizations Oregon Environmental Council Board of Forestry Major Forest Companies Nucleus of Power Oregon Wildlife Federation Department of Forestry Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development Oregon Small Woodlands Association Oregon Society of American Foresters Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen's Association Unions Oregon Fish and Wildlife Service Northwest Steel Headers Izaak Walton League (Oregon) Audubon Society of Portland Diagram 5.0: OREGON STATE FOREST POLICY COMMUNITY: 1975 Oregon Forest Industries Council SUB-GOVERNMENT Policy participation Policy advocacy ATTENTIVE PUBLIC Shading represents eco-forest groups Adapted from Wilson (1990: 146)

  4. American Forests Sierra Club Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development Governors Office State legislature Academics/ research organizations Oregon Environmental Council Board of Forestry Major Forest Companies Nucleus of Power Oregon Wildlife Federation Department of Forestry Oregon Small Woodlands Association Oregon Society of American Foresters Oregon Trout Audubon Society of Portland Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen's Association Unions Oregon Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Northwest Steel Headers 1000 friends of Oregon Izaak Walton League (Oregon) Diagram 5.1: OREGON STATE FOREST POLICY COMMUNITY: 1995 Oregon Forest Industries Council SUB-GOVERNMENT Policy participation Policy advocacy ATTENTIVE PUBLIC Shading represents eco-forest groups Adapted from Wilson (1990: 146)

  5. Tourist Industry Environmental Defnese Fund Oregon Society of American Forester American Forestry Association Aboriginal Groups Society of American Forester Seattle Audubon Society Portland Audubon Society Smalll Woodlot Owners Natural Resources Defense Council Sierra Club Academic/ Research Organizations Major Forest Companies Sierra Legal Defence Fund The American Paper Institute The American Paper Institute "Special area" eco-forest groups Izaak Walton League of America National Audubon Society U.S.D.A. Forest Service World Resources Institute Bureau of Land Management The Courts Relevant Senate and House Oversight Committees BLM District Manager National Forest Products Association Wilderness Society House and Senate Appropriations Committees National Forest Supervisors U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Nucleus of Power National Marine Fisheries Service BLM Oregon State Office White House White House Forest Service Region 6 Office U.S. Wilderness Society United Brotherhood of Carpenters Individual Members of Congress U.S. National Audubon Society Northwest Pine Association Industrial Forestry Association Oregon Natural Resources Council Sub-regional groups Natural Resources Council of America Greater Ecosystem Alliance IWA of America United Paperworkers International Union Association of Western Pulp and Paper Workers Greenpeace USA Diagram 3.0 : U.S. FEDERAL PNW FOREST POLICY COMMUNITY: 1975 Relevant House and Senate Oversight Committees SUB-GOVERNMENT Policy participation Policy advocacy ATTENTIVE PUBLIC Shading represents eco-forest groups Adapted from Wilson (1990: 146)

  6. Tourist Industry Environmental Defense Fund Save Our Forests Oregon Society of American Foresters American Forests Aboriginal Groups Izaak Walton League of America Society of American Forester Defenderse of Wildlife Smalll Woodlot Owners Northwest Forest Resources Council Sierra Legal Defence Fund Seattle Office Natural Resources Defense Council Sierra Club Northwest Office Sierra Club Relevant Senate and House Oversight Committees Sierra Legal Defence Fund Academic/ Research Organizations BLM District Managers Portland Audubon Society Bureau of Land Management Klamath Forest Allilance Save the West National Audubon Society "Special area" eco-forest groups White House Office of Environmental Policy (DC) World Resources Institute Seattle Audubon Society U.S.D.A. Forest Service House and Senate Appropriations Committees Other Audubon Chapters Native Forest Council White House Office of Forestry and Economic Development (Portland) National Forest Supervisors Public Forestry Foundation The Courts Wilderness Society U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility Major Forest Companies FEMAT Regional and Province Interagency Advisory Committees Association of Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics Nucleus of Power BLM Oregon State Office Forest Conservation Council National Marine Fisheries Service White House American Forest and Paper Association Forest Watch Network U.S. Wilderness Society Forest Service Region 6 Office United Brotherhood of Carpenters Endangered Species Coalition Ancient Forest Alliance U.S. National Audubon Society Western Ancient Forest Campaign Pacific Rivers Council Northwest Forestry Association Northwest Environment Watch Eco-trust National Wildlife Federation Regional Office Oregon Natural Resources Council Individual Members of Congress Sub-regional groups Headwaters Association of Western Pulp and Paper Workers Natural Resources Council of America Greater Ecosystem Alliance IWA of America Greenpeace USA PNW office Washington State Wildlife Federation Greenpeace USA United Paperworkers International Union Diagram 3.1: U.S. FEDERAL PNW FOREST POLICY COMMUNITY: 1995 Relevant House and Senate Oversight Committees SUB-GOVERNMENT Policy participation Policy advocacy ATTENTIVE PUBLIC This is a snapshot of the forest policy community following Spotted Owl litigation and Option 9 in which the center of activity had switched from Congress to the Courts and White House. Following the 1994 Congressional elections, the center of activity had switched back to Congress, and industry organizations gained increased access to decision making processes. Shading represents eco-forest groups. Adapted from Wilson (1990: 146)

  7. Sierra Club Academics/ research organizations Valhalla Wilderness Committee Ministry of Forests B.C. Wildlife Federation Provincial Cabinet Ministry of Environment Association of B.C. Professional Foresters Federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans Commercial Fisheries Groups U.S. National Audbon Society Outdoor Recreation Council Federation of B.C. Naturalists Okanagon Similkameen Parks Society DIAGRAM 7.0: B.C. FOREST POLICY COMMUNITY: 1975 B.C. Opposition Parties and Federal Parties Legislature Others Tourist Industry Aboriginal Groups Ministry of Forests Environment and Land Use Cabinet Committee and its secretariat Major Companies SUB-GOVERNMENT Nucleus of Power Policy participation Policy advocacy Council of Forest Industries ATTENTIVE PUBLIC IWA Shading represents eco-forest groups Adapted from Wilson (1990: 146)

  8. World Wildlife Fund, U.K. Women's Environmental Network Tourist Industry Greenpeace Germany Greenpeace Germany Natural Resources Defense Council Greenpeace U.K. Aboriginal Groups Academic/ Research Organizations Western Canada Wilderness Committee Western Canada Wilderness Committee Truck Loggers Association Sierra Legal Defence Fund Commission on Resources and the Environment Valhalla Wilderness Society Sierra Club of B.C. Rain Forest Action Network Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society- B.C. Chapter B.C. Forest Alliance U.S. Foundation "Special area" eco-forest groups Major Forest Companies sub-regional based groups Forest Renewal B.C. Wildlife Federation Provincial Land Use Straegy B.C. Wild B.C. Share Groups Forest Policy Watch Federation of B.C. Naturalists Ministry of Forests B.C. Spaces for Nature (World Wildlife Fund) Nucleus of Power Raincoast Conservation Society Council of Forest Industries (and their six member associations) Professional Foresters Canadian Nature Federation Eco-trust Greenpeace B.C. Public Interest Advocacy Centre Outdoor Recreation Council Tin-Wis Coalition Canadian Forest Service Greater Ecosystem Alliance Commercial Fisheries Groups Other U.S. and international based eco-forest groups Pacific Environment Research Center U.S. Wilderness Society U.S. National Audubon Society DIAGRAM 7.1: B.C. FOREST POLICY COMMUNITY: 1995 B.C. Opposition and federal parties Legislature Others Federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans Provincial Cabinet Land Use Coordination Office SUB-GOVERNMENT Protected Area Strategy Policy participation Policy advocacy Forest Practices Board Land and Resource Management Sub-regional processes Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks IWA ATTENTIVE PUBLIC Shading represents eco-forest groups Adapted from Wilson (1990: 146)

  9. Institutional Features by Jurisdiction

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