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2004/4/16. 2. ??. ???????????

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. 2003,20032008 : 30nm,,, ,,

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    1. 2004/4/16 1

    2. 2004/4/16 2 ?? ??????????? – ??????????????????????????????????? . ???????????? ?????2003??????,????(2003~2008)????????????????????? ???????: ??????(<30nm),?????????????????????,?????????????????????????,???????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????,??????????????

    3. 2004/4/16 3 ???????

    4. 2004/4/16 4 ??????? ????? ????????3C??????? ??????????,??????????????? ?????: ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????—??

    5. 2004/4/16 5 ?????,????????????????????,?????. ?????????(???) ????????(????????????)????

    6. 2004/4/16 6 ??????? ????? :??(Pb acid)?? (???????) 60????:??(Ni-Cd)???? 1985??? :??(Ni-MH)???? ???????????? ?????????????(Ni-Cd)?????? ?????????????????????????(?????????1.)

    7. 2004/4/16 7 ?1. ????????????? ??: ????:?????,?????????????,?????????????,???,????????????????,????-?????;????????,??????????????????????????????,??????????????,?????????

    8. 2004/4/16 8

    9. 2004/4/16 9 ?2. ?????????????(????:NEC)

    10. 2004/4/16 10 ?1 ?????????

    11. 2004/4/16 11 ????? ?????

    12. 2004/4/16 12 1-2 ??????????(???????????) ???????? (???????) ?????(Li-ion) --?????????????? ??: 1. ???????(??????) 2. ????????????????? ??????(LPB) --????????(sol gel)????

    13. 2004/4/16 13 ????????(solid state polymer electrolyte, SPE) ?????????? ???????????? ?????? , ????????????? ?????????,?????????:??/?????/?? ??????????????????? (??????????60%,?????1????????) (??????????60%,?????1????????) ??: ?????????????????,????????????????????? 75%????????????13% ??????????

    14. 2004/4/16 14 ?3. ???????????

    15. 2004/4/16 15

    16. 2004/4/16 16 ????????? ????????????? ,??????? ????????? :7.7?? (2002?)~9.9?? (2005? ) ???????????2002????45.3% ?????????????? 1997?:????3000??,???????? 2003?:????????????

    17. 2004/4/16 17 ?4: ?????????????? ????????:?????????????????,??????????????

    18. 2004/4/16 18 ??????? ??????:?????????????…(???????????2) ???????????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????????,??????????? ??????????(swing batteries)

    19. 2004/4/16 19 ?2 ?????????

    20. 2004/4/16 20 ???????? ??????????????????,???????????????????? ?????????????(???)?????,??????????????? ????????5

    21. 2004/4/16 21 ?5. ?????????

    22. 2004/4/16 22 ????????? ???? 3C???????????????? ????????????????,NB????????? CPU??????? LCD????? ?????? ??????

    23. 2004/4/16 23 ????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? (???????? ) ????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????,???????,?????????????????

    24. 2004/4/16 24 ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? :???? 1998?????????????,???????????????????????????,?????????????????????,??????????????????? ??????????????7% ?????70-80????? ??4????????????????? ?????????????????????

    25. 2004/4/16 25 ???????????? ??:???????????? ??????????? :???????? ????????????????? ?????????,????????(320mAh/g)?????(>420 mAh/g) ????????????,??????? (?3 ) ????????

    26. 2004/4/16 26 ?3 ????????????

    27. 2004/4/16 27 ????(carbon nanotubes) ????????????? ???? : ?????????????????? ?????????????(Fullerenes)???? ??:?????????? ??:??????? ??????????? ??????(Multi-Walls Nano Tubes,MWNT,???2??????????) ??????(SWNT,??????????) ???????2.27%, ???????????????????????????

    28. 2004/4/16 28 ??: 1998? , Prof. Otto Zhou (University of North Carolina ) ???????, ??????????(caps)???????????????,???????,??????????????????????????, ????:????????????? ?????????????(NMR)???? ??????????????????????, ?????????????????????????? ??MWNT??????,??????1000 mAh/g?? ????: ??????????????????????, ??????,????????????????????

    29. 2004/4/16 29 ?6:?????????

    30. 2004/4/16 30 ?7.???????????????????

    31. 2004/4/16 31 ??????????:???? ?????????????4? ???????????? ?????????????(LiCoO2) ????????3C????????????????????(>450 Wh/L)??? ??????????????????? (??????,?8.9 ) ????????????(LiNiCoO2)?????? ??????? ????????? ????????????(>180 mAh/kg)??????????(?140 mAh/kg)?????30%?? ??????????80% ???????6??????,???8? ???????????????-??????,????????????,?????????

    32. 2004/4/16 32 ?8. LiNiCoO2????????TEM???

    33. 2004/4/16 33 ?9. LiNiCoO2???????????????DSC???

    34. 2004/4/16 34 ?4. ?????????????

    35. 2004/4/16 35 ?????????(Fuel cell)???? ???????? ????????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????????????????? ????: 2013?,??????????????186??? ??????:??,????(Stationary)????? ????????350???? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????

    36. 2004/4/16 36 ???????????? ????????????? ???? ??????????(PEMFC) ?????????(DMFC) ??:?????????????? ???? :???????????????

    37. 2004/4/16 37 ?10~11????????????????

    38. 2004/4/16 38 ?12~13????????????????

    39. 2004/4/16 39 ?????? ??????????????????? ????(50~70%)???????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????,???????????? ??????, ??????????????????, ??????, ???????????(?80?),????????????? ????????????????,???????????????????????

    40. 2004/4/16 40 ?? (???????????????) ??????(Alkaline FC,AFC) ?????????(Proton Exchange Membrane FC,PEMFC) ?????????(Direct Methanol FC,DMFC) ??????(Phosphoric Acid FC,PAFC) ?????????(Molten Carbonate FC,MCFC) ?????????(Solid Oxide FC,SOFC)

    41. 2004/4/16 41 ?5. ???????????

    42. 2004/4/16 42 PEMFC?DMFC ????????????????? ???????3C?? ?????????????

    43. 2004/4/16 43 ?????????? (PEMFC) ????:? ???????? ??????? ????????????????????? ????(??????14 ) ???????????????(proton)??? ???????????? ????????????????(proton exchange membrane)???? ??????????,????????

    44. 2004/4/16 44 ?14. ??????????(PEMFC)?????

    45. 2004/4/16 45 ????????? (DMFC) ??????????????????????? ???????????????????,?PEMFC????????? ??????????????? ???????????,?????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??: ?????????????? ,???????,????????? ???? :??????????????????CO?????????????????????

    46. 2004/4/16 46 ?15. ?????????(DMFC)?????

    47. 2004/4/16 47 ???? ???????

    48. 2004/4/16 48 (?)???? ?? ??:???????????????? ????? :2005? ?????NEC??: ???2004??????????? ??????DoCoMo: 2004?????3G????????? ??????????? (ABI) :??2004~2005??,???????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????

    49. 2004/4/16 49 ??”????????(DMFC)”??????? . ??????????????????CO????????????????????? ??DMFC????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????1/2 ?????????1 ??? ???????????,??????4??

    50. 2004/4/16 50 ????????? ?? : ???????????????????(Pt/C) ?????Pt-Ru/C?????CO??? ???????Pt???????(Pt??2004?2???NT 28,000/?),???????????????

    51. 2004/4/16 51 ???(?????????) ????????????????????????????? ???? ????????????????, ???????, ?????????????????

    52. 2004/4/16 52 ????: ???Serp?? ??????????????????100-300 nm????? ?BET????10 m2/g,??3-6 nm?Pt?????????? ??NEC?Murata ????????? ??????????,????????(carbon nanohorn),????????????(2-3 nm)??????????????,??????????? ??????nanohorn??????????????,?????intrinsic pores?interstitial pores,???????????????5?(?500 m2/g),?????Pt ??,???????? nanohorn : ???????????? ????????????????? ???????????? NEC?????nanohorn????,?????????????????2???

    53. 2004/4/16 53 ?16. ?????????(carbon nanohorn)?(a)SEM? (b)TEM?

    54. 2004/4/16 54 (?)???? ????: ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ???? :??Du Pont?Nafion®? Nafion®????????? ??????(US$800-1000/m2) ????????????cross-over??? ????DMFC

    55. 2004/4/16 55 Du Pont?Nafion 112? : ??” Nafion®? “???. ????,???????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????Ballard?? :BAM 3G? ??:????????15,000?? ??:?????? ??Dow????: Dow? ?Nafion???,????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??Gore???Asahi Glass?Asahi Chemical??? .

    56. 2004/4/16 56 ???Toray?? : ???????????,??Nanoalloy?? ???????,????????? ???????????????? ?????????????(Pt)????????CO????(Ru)??? ???????Pt,???????????

    57. 2004/4/16 57 ???????? ??????????????? ??????????????(??H2O) ???????????????????? ??????????????,????????~100???

    58. 2004/4/16 58 ???????????? -Sony?? ??1990? ?? :??????Fullerene (C60,???)???????????? Fullerene? ??????,???-20????????? ?????????????? ???H2,???????????????1-2? ? ?????: ????????,??????H2???????(H+),????????????? ???????????????(H3O+)???????, ??????????????????;

    59. 2004/4/16 59 Sony??????????? ?????????Fullerene?? ?Fullerene????????????????????,???????? ??,Fullerene????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????Fullerene???????????5??????? ???????????????

    60. 2004/4/16 60 (?)?? ??: PEMFC????? ???? ????????????????,?????????????(hydrogen-rich)????? ???? :????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????

    61. 2004/4/16 61 ????????? ????Pt????????????? ??:????????Pt???(agglomeration) ????: ?????????(Argonne National Laboratory) ????(cerium)???????Pt?????????? ??????????????,???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????????Pt????????? ???500??????????????Pt/Ceria???

    62. 2004/4/16 62 (?)???? ???????????,?????????? :???? ???????? : ?????? ???? ?????? (???? ) (1)??????? (2)??????????? (3)????,????? (4)???????(99.9999 %) ?? :?????????

    63. 2004/4/16 63 ???????????????? : ???????????? ???????,???????? ??????????? (??????(IEA) , 1998? ) ???????5 wt% ??100?????? ??: ???????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????

    64. 2004/4/16 64 ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????

    65. 2004/4/16 65 ?? ??National Renewable Energy Laboratory?IBM ?????????????????? ???????? ??2 nm??????????????50 kg-H2/m3, (???????????????????????????65 kg-H2/m3(????????)) ????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???? ???????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????

    66. 2004/4/16 66 ?17. ???????????/???????

    67. 2004/4/16 67 ?18. ?????????????????????????????

    68. 2004/4/16 68 ???? ??????? ???

    69. 2004/4/16 69 ????: ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????: ???????? ???????? ????????43? ??????????62? ??230? ???64? ?????,??????????? ??????: ???CO2?????? ????:??????

    70. 2004/4/16 70 ???????? ??? (??? ) ????

    71. 2004/4/16 71 ????? 1954??? ?????????????????????? ?? :????????????? (????? ) ???????????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????(??19) ?1997?? : ?????????????????30%?????(??6) ????????,??????????????????, 1980 ?????22??/W ?????4?? ???2010?,???????????????????0.75?? ?????1.5??,??????????????(????7),???????????,??21?

    72. 2004/4/16 72

    73. 2004/4/16 73 ?6. ??????????????

    74. 2004/4/16 74 ?7 ??????(Solar Module)?????????

    75. 2004/4/16 75 ?21. ????????????????

    76. 2004/4/16 76 ?????(Solar cell)?? ????: ???????(??????????????) ????????????? ?????????????? ??:????,??:????? ????? :??????? ???????????????????????????? ??????P???? ??????N???? ???????22??

    77. 2004/4/16 77 ?22. ?????????

    78. 2004/4/16 78 ???????? : ???? :?( silicon ) ??????? ???? ?41%(?????) ????. (????????????????????? ) 45%??(????????) ?????

    79. 2004/4/16 79 ?8????????????? ????????????????: ?=?????/????? × 100% ??????????????10-15% ??????????35%; ????: ?????????:???????18% ???????: ???????17%????

    80. 2004/4/16 80 ?8 ?????????????

    81. 2004/4/16 81 ??????????????? ??: ????????????,??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??20?????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????? ,???????????? ????????????: ?????? ???????? ?? :?????????

    82. 2004/4/16 82 ???????,?????????: ????????(Thin Absorber Solar Cell)--???? ??/?????????????--???? ???(Quantum Well)????(Quantum Dots)???? ???????????

    83. 2004/4/16 83 ???????? (Thin Absorber Solar Cell) ?????(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell,DSC)????? ??????(Extra-Thin Absorber;ETA)????

    84. 2004/4/16 84 ?????(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell,DSC)????? ?????????10% ????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????(TiO2?ZnO?SnO2)????????/??????,??????????? ?????????????? ????????,???????????? ???????,???????????????1/5-1/10(?????????)

    85. 2004/4/16 85 ??: ???,?????????? ?????????(S?S*) ?????????????? ??????????(S*?S+) ??????????????,????(S+?S) ????????,????,?????????????????,???????????????????

    86. 2004/4/16 86 ?23???????????????????

    87. 2004/4/16 87 ??????(Extra-Thin Absorber;ETA)???? ??: ?????????,???????????????,??????????,??????????????,??????-????????????????????p-n Junction??? ?????????: ?????????????(RVPE)????????ZnO????ETA????(??24.) ?????????????????,????????,???????,??????

    88. 2004/4/16 88 ?24.

    89. 2004/4/16 89 ??/????????????? ??: ?1-D????????????????? ????: ?????????,???????????????? ??: ??????????????,????????????(Electron Trap,?:?)??? ?????????????????????,?????????(Bi-continuous,??????Donor??Acceptor?)???????-??????? ??????:C60?CdS?CdSe?CuInS2?????…? 2000?? (Eckert?? ) ??1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides??????Oligo-PPV ????Pyrrolidine??C60??, ???????/?????????????,?????25???

    90. 2004/4/16 90 ?25. ???????C60??????/??????????????

    91. 2004/4/16 91 ???? ???????

    92. 2004/4/16 92 ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????,?????? ?????????????? ??????????????????

    93. 2004/4/16 93 ??????? ?????????????? ????,??????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????????? : ????????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ???????

    94. 2004/4/16 94 ?????? ?????????????? ?????,???????????; ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????????

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