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3. September Duisburg, Germany International Interdisciplinary Open Archives

Subject-specific international services in Physics Eberhard R. Hilf, H. Stamerjohanns, and Thomas Severiens Institute for Science Networking physnet.uni-oldenburg.de/~hilf. 3. September Duisburg, Germany International Interdisciplinary Open Archives

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3. September Duisburg, Germany International Interdisciplinary Open Archives

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  1. Subject-specific international services in Physics Eberhard R. Hilf, H. Stamerjohanns, and Thomas SeveriensInstitute for Science Networkingphysnet.uni-oldenburg.de/~hilf 3. September Duisburg, Germany International Interdisciplinary Open Archives and Subject specific services in Mathematics and Physics.

  2. Content of talk: • I: Why subject-specific services? • II: Open Archives Distributed in Physics • III: International embedding and organization E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  3. Part I: Why subject-specific services? Knowledge repository requirements • Restricted • Complete • Professional • Research-driven • Additional subject-specific services E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  4. 1. Why restrict the knowledge basis? • Higher ratio of relevant information retrieved • Less ‚missunderstanding‘ [different meanings and content for same word in different fields] Search for Ideal Altavista: no relevant in first twenty Google: no relevant in first twenty >Science>Math: one in five PhysDoc (in title): third title relevant ; with metadata: all relev. Mpress (in title): only relevant documents E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  5. Use machine-readable metadata Tool for authors in MathNet and Phys-Net Webform for adding metadata MyMetaMaker E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  6. Subject-specific Additional Information • Examination regulations • Teaching plans • Technical specifications for experiments E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  7. Problem of Interdisciplinarity • Upgrade services in both fields • Additional functionality into used-to services • Use knowledge repository of both fields • Intellectual Mapping of keywords failed [few usable docs, level mismatch] • Automated Mapping: 17.000 INSPEC with PACS AND MSC. Statistical analysis, ranking, grammar truncation. • Workpackage 9 of CARMEN (BMBF) • J. Pluemer et al. (Osnabrueck), Th. Severiens (ISN). • Interest of documents only in border areas • Border areas are often most active scientifically E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  8. Keywords (Physics) ><PACS >>keywords’=joint repository=><MSC ><keywords (Math) • Physicists use keywords, not PACS • Mathematicians use MSC E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  9. 2. Why complete repository? Prime research needs • instant (Web, no delay) information of all relevant new results • complete information fom anywhere in the world • One stop service despite a multitude of distributed heterogenous repositories. Consequences for financing concepts E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  10. 3. Why professional content repository • Researchers need mostly information from their professional colleagues. • Researchers can act only in their own subject-field as referees, quality filters for the wider public, comment and select. • The Web allows for a multilevel professional quality management for all heterogenous purposes E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  11. 4. Why research driven repository? • Authors have the highest motivation to be read, to get their documents distributed and archived. • Author communication communities are subject-specific. • Scientists understand only their subject-colleagues • Research is organized most often in subject-specific topical institutes E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  12. Part II: Realization bits • Quality filter schemes • PhysNet of EPS • Open Archive Distributed OAD E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  13. A field specific professional service has to meet the expectation of a quality service:The service should not contain everything but only material certified by physicists to be relevant and good physics. Thus we need certification levels. PhysNet has but just one: what is on Physics Department‘s webservers E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  14. What refereeing do we need ? • Instant publishing before refereeing • Time stamp for prime research before refereeing • Archiving of relevant information • Competitive parallel) refereeing • Multilevel refereeing • Full information published to be fair to referees • Open refereeing [signed Annotation instead of advice] • Voluntary refereeing to be a pleasure for referees E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  15. Author Library PhysicsDep. Group heads Referees ofother Univ. Referees of Learned Societies NationalLibrary Archiving Service X arXiv PhysDoc Scenario for Tomorrow: OAi Data and Service Providers including Vetting to Peer Reviewing DocumentMetadata Documents Reviews Metadata Multi-level Peer Rev. Data Provider Service Provider E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  16. The role of University Libraries • Be Oai-Database Provider of complete local Information • Assure free full text access of all research material • Assure correct metadata usage (by training or adding) • Do handshake with National Archives • Be Oai-Service Provider of specific fields at your university • Vetting system with the local department scientists • Train users to pick from the multitude of competing Oai-service Providers E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  17. Vetting at German Universities • University Publishing Network (Project) • Local vetting with department scientists and library • Peer reviewing between different universities • Shared functions (work flow system, marketing ...) • Separate functions (business model, financing ... ) E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  18. PhysNet, an international subject- specific service www.eps.org/PhysNet European Physical Society EPS controlled by its Action Commmittee on Publication and Scientific Communication E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  19. The Concept of PhysNet • Crawl across all worldwide distributed Physics Departments • Same Metadata as Math-Net [IMU, EPS] • Distributed Gatherers [locally allow/deny !!] • Distributed Brokers [no nation to dominate] • Agreements for an unbiased distributed system [Charter] • Distributed manpower [at present: 1 Mill. $/a] • Aims at all types of information E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  20. Status by 2001 • About 40 local, regional, national gatherers • Brokers at US, DE, Russia, Hungary, France, UK, DK, India, Japan, Australia, .., EPS [DFN-Project] • 40.000 documents and document lists • MyMetaMaker author tool to add DC:metadata [with Mathematics (IMU) and Physics (EPS).] • 20.000 page impressions per month . E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  21. Distributed Open Archive for Physics OAD Vision of the ultimate subject-specific Open Archive • All departments/Universities worldwide as prime, complete, open free repositories • Secondary virtual add-on services use these: • Quality filters • Collections • topical archives E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  22. Present incomplete realization • All worldwide departments • Few cooperate by local quality filters yet • Few comply with metadata (1000 of 40000 documents) PhysNet E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  23. Towards completeness of heterogenous document-bases • Free locally posted documents: PhysDoc • Free archived theses [Depts, Univs., DDB,..] • Free preprint repositories: ArXiv • Free fulltext journals • Free research lab docs: CERN, ANL, .. • University Publishers • Journals of Natl. Societies: APS, IoPP • Commercial journals E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  24. OAD Physics Project 2001 Oai compliant service provider for • PhysDoc [1.000 out of 40.000] • ArXiv • IoPP • [APS] • PhysDiss [European] • NDLDT [2001] • Cornell, CERN, MIT [Oai-compliant Document providers] (by 2001 show E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  25. Joint project VT-ISN • Funded under a new scheme jointly by NSF and DFG (German Science Foundation) • One application, one refereeing body, one funding scheme • Thus one team, one final intelligent Online service suited to be adapted to any language and any field. • Started: 1.March 2001 E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  26. Part III: Organizing international distributed repositories E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  27. The concept of the Open Archive Initiative OAi 1. Discussion (workshops, meetings, ..)2. Concept (free access, a multitude of data providers and service providers but one internationally to be accepted standard)3. Software and workforce sharing. • Three layers: E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  28. DataProvider Implementation 8. March 2001 Skim through Service Provider Implementation 13. April 2001, 11.30 am VT-time E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  29. Publisher Servers PhysDoc arXiv UniversityLibraries Servers(Google,.. Scenario of Tomorrow: Types of Searching – Retrieving offers • Competition by • quality of add-ons • level of refereeing • quality of contents • specialization • depth of search • size • comfort of retrieval • level of integration • local focus • ... E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  30. National activities to support the OAi • DINI German Initiative for Networked Information • similar to CNI • Cooperation between • Research Libraries (DBV), • Computer Centres (ZKI), • Media Centres (AMH), • Initiative of Learned Societies IuK • DINI´s Appeal to join the OAi (2000) • Training camps for German Oai-Implementation (2001) E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  31. Oai: Cooperation of repositories Oai lists • Data providers comply with Oai • Yes, if they are not service providers [Departments] • Yes, if they are free access providers [ArXiv] • Subtle, if national society publishers [APS, IoPP] • No, if commercial publishers [Elsevier,..] scirus Cut throat competition of service providers with best service for same documents Commercial publ. collect free access documents E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  32. Political and Funding Policy Effective services for research • Money to libraries per No of accessible documents • Multiple access ways [TibOrder vs others] • Regulations for hiring scientists to Universities • Funding selforganization of research communities • University publishers as regular prime research outlet • Fund IuK research to professionalize content search E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  33. Subject-specific National Port of Entry German Physical Society DPG plan • Cooperative project of partners [FIZ, TIB, ISN; KFP] Rescue boat syndrom? E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  34. International Networking • No bias policy: no single society allowed to dominate • Funding policy: each society finds ist own funds • Broker policy: democratic‘ network of brokers [DFN-Project] • Department cooperation: • Operator • Quality filters [select what to enter PhysNet] • Metadata for documents • Home page for document lists • University publishers (vetting and archiving) • National entry points for Oai. PhysNet Charter E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  35. For the Acceptance of a services : • Bottom up: just do it and spread the rumour • Top down : Charter of IMU, EPS • Engagement by registration: Institutions, Departments, Graduate Schools, Universities • 4. Joint international standards and cooperation • 5. Distributed work sharing (‚infinite workforce‘) • 6. Professionalism: • Scientists provide content and quality filtering • Departments with University Library distributes and retrieves • Universities set up research-oriented suitable infrastructure • Funding and politics to enable competition and effectiveness. E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  36. <<End of talk Duisburg>> E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  37. Beginn Steinbruch

  38. Scientist Did not know what services we were deprived of Librarian Assumed to know what services are good for science A dicussion in the train The young Elsevier...... did ask the scientists: „What new services are needed?“ E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  39. Libraries with different schemes (OPAC, PICA..) Multiple Publishers with a monopole on content and different schemes PhysDoc arXiv Searching - Retrieving in the past age Multiple costs for Providers SFXorMetaSearch CrossRef.Links Inconvenience for the user! E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  40. OAI _Identify E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  41. Any Oai Data Provider Harvest gatherer DC-converter SQL DB: MySQL Any Oai Service Provider OAI-Data Provider OAi Broker OAI-Harvester E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  42. Collections to be Represented in Oai-PhysDoc • PhysDoc: • Distributed document Database for Physics worldwide • using HARVEST as Retrieval mechanism • University document servers • North German Univ. superstructure • DissOnline.org Physics part • Physics part of NDLTD • Arxiv, MIT, .. Physics part E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  43. OAI Implementation • modified HARVEST holds SOIF and DC metadata in local text files • storage size no problem • decision to convert data offline and store structured data in SQL database (mysql) • use DC when possible, otherwise map SOIF to DC E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  44. OAI Implementation documents documents documents HARVEST SQL DB normalize metadata OAI Server E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  45. OAIImplementation • software written in PHP • protocol • easy because it uses modified implementation of HU Berlin • metadata converter • maps SOIF to DC • converts different DC representations to one common one E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  46. DC-Standards and Sets of OAi German National Library DC7 TheO-Duisburg OCLC-NDLDT Math-Net Worldwide: Int.Math.Union Phys-Net Worldwide: EPS Differences: Html 2 , 4 XML, rdf

  47. Advantages of the new Scenario Less work for the author! Immediate publication! Most e-prints free for the community! Lower costs for the library! Open multi-level peer reviewing! Easy integration of metadata into existing services! Less printed journals but more accessible e-publications! Value-added servicesby different providers! Non-exclusive rights for the publisher! OAi = „Napster for the Sciences“Richard Sietmann in: c´t 6/2001, S. 78 E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  48. Departments worldwide Physicists Harvest gatherer DC-converter SQL DB: MySQL SOIF DC Harvest Broker Marian Bypass OAI-Data Provider Marian for ranking OAI-Harvester OAi Broker E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  49. Future work • improve metadata converter • improve summarizers • closer look at different DC representations • tell people to use metadata • OAI workshops • ease production of metadata E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg

  50. PhysDep Linklist + Seachengine approved by National Societies businessmodel • administrational inform. • distributed gatherers: 26 • search depth: 2-full • acceptance 500/day 400/day PhysDoc publications distributed gatherers: 3 search depth: special E.R.Hilf, Institute for Science Networking, Germany: 3.9.2001 Duisburg 50

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