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WEED MANAGEMENT FORESTED WETLANDS

WEED MANAGEMENT FORESTED WETLANDS Weed Problems Early successional – let nature take its course Invasive, persistent exotics – nature needs some help Florida Institute of Phosphate Research Primrose Willow and Cattail Considered as nuisance species by DEP

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WEED MANAGEMENT FORESTED WETLANDS

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  1. WEED MANAGEMENT FORESTED WETLANDS

  2. Weed Problems • Early successional – let nature take its course • Invasive, persistent exotics – nature needs some help Florida Institute of Phosphate Research

  3. Primrose Willow and Cattail • Considered as nuisance species by DEP • Primrose willow a category I invasive according to FLEPPC Florida Institute of Phosphate Research

  4. Reclaimed Forested Wetlands • Primrose willow, cattail and elderberry effects on wetland trees • Can trees shade-out primrose, etc.? • Consequences: let nature take its course vs. herbicides, mowing, etc. Florida Institute of Phosphate Research

  5. Primrose Willow

  6. Primrose Willow Mowed

  7. Resprouted

  8. Weeds Removed

  9. Trees grow in the presence of primrose willow and overtop it

  10. Tree canopy shades out primrose willow

  11. Bald Cypress, Red Maple, Popash Planted Nov. 1992, 2.1 m (7 ft) Spacing

  12. Shade Tolerant Understory With Primrose willow

  13. Primrose willow removed: sun-loving weeds

  14. Weed Removal and Possible Tree Damage

  15. Pond Cypress and Cattail

  16. Bald Cypress and Cattail

  17. Tree Canopy Shades-Out Cattail

  18. Tree Canopy Shades-Out Cattail

  19. Hummocks and Understory Colonization

  20. Reclaimed Forested WetlandsRole of Primrose Willow and Elderberry • Pioneer species (shaded out by trees) • Organic matter and nutrient accumulation • Early canopy closure (shade tolerant understory) Florida Institute of Phosphate Research

  21. Forested WetlandsDealing with Primrose Willow and Cattail • Wetland trees grow in spite of these “nuisance” species • Trees can shade them out • Weed control efforts may damage trees • Early canopy closure (trees + primrose willow) enhances understory Florida Institute of Phosphate Research

  22. Trees Can Grow with and Shade-out Primrose Willow and Cattail • Trees grow slower in ponded conditions • Better growth if moist but well-drained • Seepage slope vs. flood plain vs. pond • Trees grow faster on primrose willow sites than cattail sites • Need sufficient tree density • Need time and patience

  23. Wetland Trees and Weeds • Timber vs. Natural System Restoration • Popash & Red Maple growth better with primrose willow than without (triclopyr sprayed around bagged trees) • Bald Cypress has some tolerance to triclopyr • Tree growth better with elderberry than with primrose willow • Organic matter accumulation less with weeds removed (soil elevation difference)

  24. Reference Richardson, S.G., and R.A. Kluson. 2000. Managing nuisance plant species in forested wetlands on reclaimed phosphate mined lands in Florida, p. 104-118. In P.J. Cannizzaro (ed.). Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference on Ecosystems Restoration and Creation. Hillsborough Community College, Tampa, Florida. May, 1999.

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