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Time Use Survey in Tanzania: Gender

Time Use Survey in Tanzania: Gender. Sylvia Meku National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) United Nations Workshop on Integrating A Gender Perspective into Statistics Kampala, Uganda, 4 – 7 December, 2012.

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Time Use Survey in Tanzania: Gender

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  1. Time Use Survey in Tanzania: Gender Sylvia Meku National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) United Nations Workshop on Integrating A Gender Perspective into Statistics Kampala, Uganda, 4 – 7 December, 2012

  2. Population censuses in Tanzania dates back to 1910; The first scientific census took place in 1958; • Four censuses have been conducted since independence in 1961, (1967, 1978, 1988 and 2002); • The fifth post independence census was conducted in August, 2012. Population Overview

  3. Population: 1967 - 2012 Population in Millions Year Source: 2010 TDHS Survey

  4. Rural-Urban Distribution of Population, by Residence: 1967, 1978, 1988 and 2002 Percent Year Source: 2010 TDHS Survey

  5. Women’s and Men’s Employment Percent of currently married women and men 15-49 employed at the time of the survey Age Source: 2010 TDHS Survey

  6. Type of Payment Percent distribution of payment type among currently married employed women and men age 15-49

  7. TIME USE SURVEY

  8. Background Classifications Sample design & Mode of administration Findings: Tables and charts Observations on TUS Disseminations Methodological Issues & Recommendations Conclusion & References Points

  9. TUS survey in Tanzania date back in 2006 The study was advocated by Tanzania Gender & Networking Programme and supported by Poverty Eradication Division of the Vice President’s Office TUS was included as a module in the 2006 Integrated Labour Force Survey (ILFS) I. Background

  10. The 2006 TUS data provided comprehensive data of individuals’ on how they spent time in different activities: SNA activities Extended SNA activities Non-work activities The 2006 TUS shows that the burden of un-paid work in Tanzania is large and mostly borne by women (Table 2) …I. Background

  11. Activities were classified into: SNA activities: Employment and production for establishments Primary production not for establishments Services for income and other production not for establishments Extended SNA activities: Household maintenance and management Care of children, sick, elderly & disabled in household Community services and help to others II. Activities Classification

  12. Non-Work activities: Learning Social and cultural activities Mass media use Personal care and maintenance …II. Activities Classification

  13. Household individuals age 5+ years and above Reference period: last day/seven days An area frame: 244 EAs/blocks sample More than 3000 households 10,553 individual interviews Domain estimates 5: Rural/Urban/Males/Females/National Mode of administration: face-to-face interviews using paper and pencil III. Sample Design & Mode of Administration

  14. IV. FINDINGS

  15. Chart 1: Female and male Shares in Total Time Inputs to SNA and Non-SNA Women contribute a larger share of total work time than men (57%)

  16. Chart 2: Urban and Rural Shares in Total Time Inputs to SNA and Non-SNA Rural population contribute more to Non-SNA & SNA than Urban population Source: 2006 ILFS Report

  17. Table 1: Average time spent on activities in a day, by sex and main activity type Workshop on Gender Statistics, 4 7 December 2012, Kampala Uganda

  18. Table 2: Percent of Time Spent per day by Major Category

  19. Water: Key input into cooking, cleaning, nursing and other domestic activities carried out mostly by women as part of their caring responsibilities. • Women are more involved in water collection and spend more time on this task than men do: • about 76 per cent of all adult women collect water, compared with only 33 per cent of men. • The average time spent by women in this activity is about 30 minutes compared with 20 minutes for men. Pattern of Time Use

  20. Rural women are more likely to collect water (80 per cent) than urban women (65 per cent) • The average time spent by rural women is slightly longer (31 minutes) than the time spent by urban women (27 minutes) whereas men devote to the task the same time on average on a daily basis, regardless of where they live. ……Pattern of Time Use

  21. Participation rate, mean time among participants and mean time among population by sex for adults H2O Participation rate, mean time among participants and mean time among population by sex and Location H2O

  22. Overburden (H20 Collection)

  23. Overburdened adult 15+ population by Residence and Sex Overburdened adult 15+ population by Income Level and Sex …..Overburden – H2O

  24. ….Overburden

  25. ….Overburden – Fuel wood collection

  26. Burden of unpaid work: large & mostly borne by women • Overburden: Location, sex and income levels matter • Gender bias: in most unpaid work • Children involvement in unpaid work: potential –ve impact for their future • Time spent to collect firewood: affects mostly rural residence than urban residence (a call for an alternative source) • Water collection: simultaneously burden households regardless of area of residence V. Observation on TUS Results

  27. Publications • Website • CDs • Media: TVs, News papers, radio, commedy • Press conferences • Key stakeholders • Media interviews • During Launching workshops of the survey results • Professional and government holidays (may Day, Stats days) • Databases (TNADA, GDDS, CoutryStat, TSED, TISD) VI. Disseminations

  28. Definition of terms: Sex and Gender • Independent TUS: (not a module) with a large sample to be able to generate reliable outcome for other indicators • Standard statistical methodology: international comparability and GDP improvement VII. Methodological issues & recommendations:

  29. Vignette: can be used to gather useful information before conducting TUS/Gender • Gender mainstreaming: in all surveys at designing level (Issues, users need, data source, indicators, sampling, measurement and inference …VII. Methodological recommendations:

  30. TUS helped to measure work undertaken by women which goes usually undercounted in all other surveys. • TUS as an add-on module of the ILFS: draw links between gendered patterns of time use and other socio-economic characteristics contained in other parts of the ILFS • Data gap since 2006: the trend now might have a different story to tell users • A smaller sample for 2006: compared to individual population 5+years old: Detailed disaggregation's could not generate reliable results (Budlender, 2008). • Regular TUS: to track changes for trend analysis • Current a plant to conduct new ILFS: Module of TUS??? VIII. Conclusion

  31. Budlender, D. 2008, ‚The Political and Social Economy of Care: Tanzania Research Report 2‛. Geneva: The United Nations Research Institute for Social Development • Marzia F. and Luisa N. (2008). Gendered Patterns of Time Use in Tanzania: Public Investment in Infrastructure Can Help • Schneider, (1981). Methodological problems in victim surveys and their implications for research in victimology. • Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics (2006). Integrated Labour Force Survey. • Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics (1941 - 2002). Population and Housing Censuses IX. References

  32. Questions

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