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Climate Change

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  1. BBA(Gajaseni) Climate Change

  2. What is climate change? • Weather changes all times. • Climate naturally is stable but human activities cause climate change rapidly. BBA(Gajaseni)

  3. What is major cause of climate change? • CO2 is one of greenhouse gas caused by human activities. • CO2 traps solar heat in the atmosphere then air temperature is increased. • Global warming increased about 0.3-0.6OC during 1860-1994. BBA(Gajaseni)

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  8. Human activities v.s. climate change • Major contributors: (80-85% of CO2 being added to atmosphere • Coal, oil and natural gas through combustion and release CO2 BBA(Gajaseni)

  9. Modest contributors: • Deforestation: CO2 is released by wood burning • CO2 from deforestation in tropical regions are responsible for 15-20% of CO2 emission. BBA(Gajaseni)

  10. Paddy rice field, landfills produce methane and other greenhouse gas which causes about 30% of warming • Fertiliser and other chemicals release N2O cause about 10% of warming BBA(Gajaseni)

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  17. Not significant causes of climate change: • Aerosol spray cans (cause the loss of ozone layer) • nuclear power (no CO2 emission but high environmental risk of catastrophic accidents) • the space programme • toxic waste BBA(Gajaseni)

  18. What are effects of climate change? • Example of changes: • The amount of pattern of rain and snow • the length of growing season • the frequency and severity of storm • The change of sea level rise BBA(Gajaseni)

  19. What are feedbacks of climate change? • CO2 acts as fertilizer • to make plants grow faster and result in negative feedback to slowing the rate of warming. • Earth warms causes snow and ice to melt. • The ground is exposed with the sunlight and absorbed by the earth so it results positive feedback. BBA(Gajaseni)

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  22. How much warming will there be? • IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) has projected furtherincrease in global surface temperature of 1-3.5 oC by the year 2100as compared with 1990. BBA(Gajaseni)

  23. IPCC Projection: (Oct 2001) • CO2 concentration in 2100 of 540-970 ppm. • An increase in globally averaged surface temperature of 1.4-5.8oC. • An increase in sea level of 0.09-0.88m. BBA(Gajaseni)

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  34. Can you suggest the solutions for CO2 emission reduction in Thailand? BBA(Gajaseni)

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  37. Impacts of climate change to Tropical Asia: • Ecosytems: • Water resources: • Food and fiber production: • Coastal systems: • Human health: BBA(Gajaseni)

  38. Ecosystems: • Changes in the distribution and health of rainforest and drier monsoon forest will be complex. • In Thailand, the area of tropical forest could increase from 45% to 80% of total forest cover (prediction ???) and in Sri Lanka will increase in dry forest and decrease in wet forest. BBA(Gajaseni)

  39. Water resources: • The Himalayas are expected to result in increased recession of glaciers and increasing danger from glacial lake outburst floods caused by increased temperature and precipitation. BBA(Gajaseni)

  40. Food and fiber production: • Climate change impacts could result in significant changes in • crop yield • production • storage • distribution • The net effect of changes in regionwide is uncertain. BBA(Gajaseni)

  41. Coastal systems: • Sea-level rise is the climate-related impact on large delta regions such as: • Bangladesh • Myanmar • Vietnam • Thailand • Indonesia • Philippines • Malaysia BBA(Gajaseni)

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  43. Human health: • Some vector-borne diseases are expected to increase in Tropical Asia with global warming. • Epidemic potential of • Malaria (increase 12-27%) • Schistosomiasis (decrease 11-17%) • Dengue (increase 31-47%) BBA(Gajaseni)

  44. What can be done about climate change? • To control the future emission of CO2 and other greenhouse gases • To reduce emission from baseline of 1990 BBA(Gajaseni)

  45. To reduce energy consumption with improving energy efficiency • To search new energy source as renewable or clean energy BBA(Gajaseni)

  46. Abatement options • Consider 3 kinds of options: • 1. Improved energy efficiency • 2. Use of cleaner energy • 3. Changes in agriculture and forestry BBA(Gajaseni)

  47. 1. Improved energy efficiency: • Reduced energy use in building as eco-design to save energy • Improved fuel efficiency of new cars: by increased average mileage • Make appliances more efficient: refrigerators, dishwasher, etc are used new technology to save energy BBA(Gajaseni)

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