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Potential Implications of PHEV’s on the scheduling of Electric Generation Spinning Reserve

Potential Implications of PHEV’s on the scheduling of Electric Generation Spinning Reserve. Bruce Wollenberg. Some basics of power system operation. Generation must equal load plus transmission losses (about 5%). Some basics of power system operation. What happens if a generator fails?

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Potential Implications of PHEV’s on the scheduling of Electric Generation Spinning Reserve

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  1. Potential Implications of PHEV’s on the scheduling of Electric Generation Spinning Reserve Bruce Wollenberg

  2. Some basics of power system operation • Generation must equal load plus transmission losses (about 5%)

  3. Some basics of power system operation • What happens if a generator fails? • When load is greater than generation the system slows down • If nothing is done the system shuts down completely

  4. Some basics of power system operation • We could remove load when a generator fails • This has been proposed in California • Generator lost • Remove large water pumping loads

  5. Concept of Spinning Reserve • Enough generators are not loaded to 100% • Loss of a generator can be made up with remaining generators • No load lost

  6. Reserve Spinning reserve

  7. Spinning reserve

  8. Spinning reserve

  9. Spinning Reserve

  10. Spinning Reserve costs money • Generation companies must be paid to • Run more generators than necessary • Lower output on some generators to provide reserve • Standard electric operation practice is to supply sufficient reserve to withstand loss of the largest generator and the second largest generator

  11. Unique possible contribution of PHEV’s • Assume that when the PHEV is plugged in there is also a data connection made to the on board computer in the car • Assume that future parking garages provide for electrical/data connections for PHEV’s during the daytime hours • Control signals can be sent to cars to stop charging, to generate off the car’s battery, to generate using the car’s engine

  12. PHEV’s actions in emergency POWER FLOW Charging Step 1: stop charging Step 2: Generate from Battery POWER FLOW POWER FLOW Step 2: Generate from Car engine

  13. Numbers • Assume 100,000 PHEV’s • Assume only 5 kW charging or generating per vehicle • Total when stopping charging 500 MW (Mega watts) • Total additional if generating 500 MW

  14. Extra Costs • Power Electronics to take car battery voltage and convert to 120/240 VAC • Power/data connections in parking garages • Addition of data connection to power connection in homes

  15. The ideal marriage?

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