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Peter and Catherine the Great: Assessing Their Legacies in Russian History

This text explores whether Peter the Great or Catherine the Great truly deserved the title of "Great" in Russian history. Peter, known for his efforts in Westernization and military expansion, laid the groundwork for modern Russia, while Catherine pushed further by embracing Enlightenment ideas and maintaining autocratic control. Both rulers had significant impacts on Russia, from territorial expansion to social reforms. This analysis discusses their autocratic rule, the influence of Westernization, and their respective relationships with the boyars, aiding in understanding their historical significance.

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Peter and Catherine the Great: Assessing Their Legacies in Russian History

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  1. Quaestio:Did Peter or Catherine deserve to be called Great?Nunc Agenda: Define the following terms using your textbook:Westernization • Autocratic • BoyarsWarm-Water Port • Partition

  2. AUTOCRAT=ABSOLUTE RULER

  3. Boyars = Russian Nobles

  4. Russia to the1600s • 862- Began as Viking settlement in Slavic lands • 1000s- Orthodox Christianity spreads from Byzantine Empire • 1200s- Mongols conquer Russia for about two centuries • 1400s- Mongols defeated, leaders from Moscow become Tsars • 1600s- Russia still behind Western Europe in technology and ideas

  5. Peter The Great • Became the Tsar at 10 • Traveled to Western Europe to study government and technology • Disguised himself as a commoner to learn shipbuilding in the Netherlands and England (people knew though) • Ruled as an autocrat • Expanded Russian territory • Put Church under control of the Tsar (him)

  6. Peter The Great • Forced the Boyars to work for the government, shave their beards, and wear Western clothing • Forced Westernization on his country • Fought the Ottomans to control Black Sea port but failed • Fought Sweden for Baltic port and lost five times before he WON! • Built a new capital city called St Petersburg on the Blatic coast

  7. Catherine The Great • Minor German princess who married Russian heir to throne, but took power herself when he conveniently died and became Empress • Further westernized Russia, required use of French at court, brought ideas from the Enlightenment • Famous for having a lot of “boyfriends” • Allowed Boyars more control over peasants, and more were forced into serfdom • Along with Prussia and Austria, partitioned Poland • Rumored to have died when crushed by a horse… but actually died of a stroke

  8. PENSAAge of Absolutism Quiz Review SheetDUE FRIDAY

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