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Chromatography and Spectroscopy

Chromatography and Spectroscopy. Presented by : 2007-CHEM-42 Shadab Anjum Presented to : Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan. Contents. Introduction Working principle Quantitative Analysis Classification Industrial Application. Chromatography. Introduction .

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Chromatography and Spectroscopy

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  1. Chromatography and Spectroscopy Presented by : 2007-CHEM-42 Shadab Anjum Presented to : Dr. IngNaveedRamzan

  2. Contents • Introduction • Working principle • Quantitative Analysis • Classification • Industrial Application

  3. Chromatography

  4. Introduction • Chromatography is a method of separating mixtures of substances into their pure components. • Stationary phase • Mobile phase • Chromatogram

  5. Working PrincipleIn the chromatography technique the mobile phase rises up to the stationary phase by capillarity.

  6. Quantitative Analysis • Principle of relative Retardation : The motion of solute compared to the motion of flowing solvent in the column is known as principle of relative retardation. • Each solute has its own degree of retardation or retardation factor Rf. Rf = distance moved by the solute band in a time t / distance moved by the flowing solvent in time t

  7. Classifications • Adsorption Chromatography • Column Chromatography • Thin Layer Chromatography • Gas Chromatography • Partition Chromatography • Paper Chromatography

  8. Adsorption Chromatography • Mobile Phase: Liquid or Inert gas • Stationary Phase: Solid (Powdered)

  9. Partition Chromatography • Stationary Phase: Thin layer of liquid over solid • Mobile phase: liquid

  10. Applications • To test drinking water. • To monitor air quality. • To analyze the purity ( Pharmaceutical Industry). • For quality control in food industry. • To identify explosive materials.

  11. Spectroscopy

  12. Introduction • Spectroscopy deals with the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. • Electromagnetic Radiation • Spectrum

  13. Continuous Spectrum: when light is allowed to pass through prism directly from source and examined by spectroscope, such obtained spectrum is called continuous spectrum. • Emission Spectrum: when light emitted by the substance is passed through prism and examined directly with a spectroscope, the spectrum is called Emission Spectrum. • Absorption Spectrum: when light is passed through absorbing substance then its certain wavelengths are missed and dark lines are obtained, such spectrum is called Absorption Spectrum. Classification of Spectra

  14. Working Principle

  15. Quantitative Analysis • The relationship between the waves and nature of particles was given by Planck. • E ∞ f • E = h . f, where, • h = Planck`s constant 6.626*10-34 J s • E = Energy of Photon emitted or absorbed • f = Frequency of radiation emitted or absorbed

  16. Classification of Spectroscopy • Atomic Spectroscopy • Molecular Spectroscopy

  17. Classification of Spectroscopy • Atomic Spectroscopy It deals with the interaction of EMR with atoms. • Molecular Spectroscopy It deals with interaction of EMR with molecules.

  18. Industrial Applications • Spectroscopy is widely use in oil industry for detection of metals. • For detection of elements in Plants and Soil. • It is use for identification of functional groups. • It is widely use in astrology. • Important tool for estimation of Climate.

  19. Reference • http://www.usm.maine.edu/chy/manuals/114/text/Chrom.html • http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html • Muhammad ZafarIqbal, Inorganic chemistry, revised Ed 2007-2008, MarkaziKutbKhanaKabeer street Urdu bazaar Lahore.

  20. Thank You

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