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Hallucinogens

Hallucinogens. LSD Lysergic Acid Diethylamide(LSD) Most potent Hallucinogenic High Potential for abuse Takes 30-90minutes to feel effects. Last 12 hours “Bad Trip” hallucinations that cause fear and panic. Mescaline. Also know as Peyote Mostly used by native Americans Grows on a cactus

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Hallucinogens

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  1. Hallucinogens • LSD • Lysergic Acid Diethylamide(LSD) • Most potent Hallucinogenic • High Potential for abuse • Takes 30-90minutes to feel effects. • Last 12 hours • “Bad Trip” hallucinations that cause fear and panic

  2. Mescaline • Also know as Peyote • Mostly used by native Americans • Grows on a cactus • Mescaline is also known as “Buttons” or the flowers from the cacti they can be chewed or soaked. • Lasts about 12 hours

  3. Psilocybin • Aka Magic Mushrooms • Hallucinations are far less predictable

  4. Ketamine • Sedative for human and animal use • Produces physical effects similar to PCP (disassociation) and visual effects of LSD • Trip can last an hour or less • Low dose = (K-land- a mellow colorful wonder world) • High dose = (K-Hole – an out of body near death experience) • This is considered a club/date rape drug also • Effects • Numbness • Muscle rigidity • Aggressive/violent behavior • Slurred or blocked speech • Exaggerated sense of strength • Blank stare • Some doses can last 4-6 hrs • Takes 24-48 hours to feel normal again

  5. PCP • Phencyclidine (PCP) • Has many of the same effects of LSD, but can be more dangerous • Known for inducing violent behavior and for causing seizures, comas, and death • There is no way to predict who will have a bad reaction to the drug • It acts as a hallucinogen, stimulant, depressant, and anesthetic all at the same time • Can be ingested orally or smoke by applying the liquid to a cigarette or marijuana (this is called Lacing) • PCP causes the user to feel detached from reality and some other signs are numbness, slurred speech, loss of coordination, and a sense of having incredible strength and invulnerability.

  6. Depressants • Barbiturates • First used medically in the early 1900s • More than 2,500 have been synthesized • There are about a dozen in medical use today • They depress the CNS • Produces a mild sedation similar to a coma, and have been used as sedatives, hypnotics, anesthetics, and anticonvulsants • Classified by how fast they produce and effect and how long they last. • Ultra short • Short • Intermediate • Long acting • Ex- • Nembutal (phenobarbital) • Mebaral (mephobarbital) • Amytal Sodium (amobarbital sodium) • Butisol (butabarbital sodium) • Seconal SodiumPulvules (secobarbital sodium)

  7. Benzodiazepines • Used therapeutically to produce sedation, induce sleep, relieve anxiety, and muscle spasms. • They act as hypnotics is high doses • Anxiolytics in moderate doses • And sedatives in low doses • They are the most widely used prescription meds. • Common symptoms • Amnesia • Hostility • Irritability • Vivid or disturbing dreams • And a high tolerance/physical dependence can occur • Withdrawal symptoms are similar to alcohol and may require hospitalization • Abrupt cessation is not recommended because it can cause many unpleasant symptoms and even death. Ex. AtivanDalmane ,Doral, Estazolam, Flurazepam, Halcion, Lorazepamm, Midazolam HCL, Prosom, Restoril, Temazepam , TriazolamAlprazolam , Ativan , Chlordiazepoxide , Clorazepate , Diazepam , Librium , Lorazepam , Oxazepam , Serax , Tranxene SD Tranxene T , Valium , Xanax , Xanax XR , Clonazepam , Klonopin

  8. Rohypnol • Most commonly know as a date rape drug • Abused at raves, and night clubs • Causes • Drowsiness • Visual disturbances • Dizziness • Confusion • Gastrointestinal disturbances • Memory loss

  9. Stimulants • Cocaine • Highly Potent Stimulant • One of the greatest drug threats in the world • Ingested by snorting, injection or smoking • Smoking allows extremely high doses of the drug to reach the brain quickly • Injecting puts the user at a greater risk for contracting HIV • Symptoms • Disturbance in heart rhythm • Elevated blood pressure • Increased heart rate • Irritability • Anxiety • Can lead to heart attacks, strokes, seizures, and respiratory failure

  10. Amphetamines • Today amphetamines are used to treat narcolepsy, some forms of depression, and ADD. • Symptoms include: • Restlessness, tremors, rapid breathing, confusion, hallucinations, panic, aggressiveness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, irregular heart beat, and seizures.

  11. Methamphetamines • Powerful stimulant that has a great effect on the CNS. • Small amounts: • Wakefulness, increased physical activity, decreased appetite, increased respiration, hypothermia, and euphoria • Other effects • Irritability, insomnia, confusion, tremmors, paranoia, and aggressiveness Slang - Speed, Ice, Crystal, Crank, Glass

  12. Ecstasy • MDMA or Molly • Mainly used by teens and young adults • Taken orally, and are often stamped with icons or logos to appeal to young audience. • Effects last 4-6 hrs • Effects include • Increased HR • Raise in blood pressure and body temp • Jaw and teeth clenching • Muscle tension • Hypertension • Dehydration • Chills/sweating • Nausea • Paranoia • Insomnia • Liver damage • Paralysis

  13. Narcotics • Opium • One of the first narcotics • Derived from the poppy plant • Key ingredient of all narcotics • First concertized to morphine for medical purposes • Morphine was then synthesized into heroin • Takes approximately 10kg of opium to make 1kg of heroin

  14. Morphine • Derived from opium • One of the most effective drugs for the relief of pain • Synthesized into heroin

  15. Codeine • Most commonly used, naturally occurring narcotic in medical treatment in the world • Prescribed to relieve moderate pain and cough suppression

  16. Heroin • First synthesized from morphine in 1874 • Heroin is an illegal drug know on the street as smack, junk, brown sugar, dope, horse, skunk just to name a few. • Derived from the milk of the poppy plant • Manufactured in remote labs. • Most illicit heroin is in powder form • The typical heroin user today consumes more heroin than the user did a decade ago heroin is typically melted down to liquid for and injected intravenously, or subcutaneously (skin-popping) or intramuscularly. • In some cases higher potency heroin is snorted

  17. Oxycontin • Causes a depression on the CNS • People who take the drug reputedly can develop a tolerance • Has a high abuse potential • Used to relieve pain • Due to its high abuse potential users and experience sever symptoms of widthdrawal

  18. Marijuana/Hashish

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