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California Science Standards Biology

This overview of California's science standards in biology highlights the critical aspects of ecology, including the balance of stability in ecosystems, the role of biodiversity, and the impact of human activities on ecological relationships. Key topics covered include changes in ecosystems due to climate, non-native species, and population dynamics influenced by birth and death rates, immigration, and emigration. Biogeochemical cycles, the function of producers and decomposers, energy flow through food chains and webs, and the importance of evolutionary concepts in understanding biological diversity are also discussed.

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California Science Standards Biology

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  1. California Science Standards Biology

  2. ECOLOGY 6. Stability in an ecosystem is a balance between competing effects.

  3. ECOLOGY: Biodiversity Biodiversity • is the sum total of different kinds of organisms. • is affected by alterations of habitats.

  4. b. Changes in Ecosystem result from • changes in climate • human activity • introduction of nonnative species • changes in population size.

  5. c. population size is determined by • Birth (natality) rate • Death (mortality) rate • Immigration • Emigration

  6. ECOLOGYd. Biogeochemical Cycles: carbon • NOTICE: relationship between abiotic resources (like sunlight) and organic matter

  7. d. Biogeochemical cycles: Water • NOTICE: relationship between abiotic resources (like sunlight) and the environment

  8. ECOLOGYd. Biogeochemical cycles: Nitrogen • NOTICE: relationship between abiotic resources (like nitrogen) and organic matter (like bacteria)

  9. e. ecosystem stability depends on producers and decomposers. Producers • AutotrophsUse energy directly from environment • Make own food • Bottom of the food chain • First trophic level Decomposers • Heterotrophs • Break down organic matter to get energy • FBI(fungi, bacteria, insects)

  10. ECOLOGY:Producers: make own food

  11. ECOLOGY: Decomposers

  12. ECOLOGY: Consumers: Heterotrophs Can be carnivores(eat other organisms) Can be herbivores(eat producers)

  13. CONSUMERS-

  14. ECOLOGYENERGY f. energy is stored but much energy is dissipated into the environment as heat.

  15. ECOLOGY:Energy is passed through food Food chains show one energy path

  16. ECOLOGY: f. food web • describes predator-prey relationships within a community; • groups of interconnected food chains • Arrows indicate direction of energy (and nutrition) flow

  17. ECOLOGY f. energy pyramid. Energy levels are called TROPHIC levels This energy pyramid has 3 trophic levels

  18. EVOLUTION • 8. Evolution is the result of genetic changes that occur in constantly changing environments. As a basis for understanding this concept:

  19. EVOLUTION • a. Students know how natural selection determines the differential survival of groups of organisms.

  20. EVOLUTION • b. Students know a great diversity of species increases the chance that at least some organisms survive major changes in the environment.

  21. EVOLUTION • e. Students know how to analyze fossil evidence with regard to biological diversity, episodic speciation, and mass extinction.

  22. Credits • Slides with burgandy background are taken from http://www.sci.csuhayward.edu/best/Summer01/CalEcology

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