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Acids & Bases

Acids and bases are fundamental concepts in chemistry. Acids, with a pH below 7, produce hydronium ions (H₃O⁺), turn blue litmus red, and have a sour taste. Bases, with a pH above 7, yield hydroxide ions (OH⁻), turn red litmus blue, and taste bitter. Neutralization occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and salt, resulting in a neutral pH of 7. Common household acids include vinegar and lemon juice, while bases include antacids and soap. Indicators like litmus paper and phenolphthalein help determine solution pH levels.

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Acids & Bases

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  1. Acids & Bases

  2. Acids • Have a concentration of hydronium ions (H30+) • Properties • pH below 7 • Turn blue litmus red. • Reacts with metals. • Sour taste. • Turns phenolphthalein clear.

  3. Bases • Have concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) • Properties: • pH above 7. • Turns red litmus blue. • Reacts with animal matter. • Bitter taste. • Turns phenolphthalein pink.

  4. Neutralization Reaction • Acid and base produces water and salt • HCl + NaOH H20 + NaCl • Results in a pH of 7 which is neutral

  5. Indicators • Indicator are substances that give the pH of a solution. • Examples: • Litmus paper • pH paper • Phenolphthalein • Phenol red • Thymol blue

  6. Acids at Home • Vinegar • Lemons • Pop • Orange juice

  7. Bases at Home • Antacids • Drain cleaner • Shampoo • Soap • Detergent

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