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Crime Scene Photography. Crime Scene Photography. Testimonial evidence is faulty. Admissions of guilt are not iron clad. Jurors are influenced by what they can see and experience in the courtroom.
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Crime Scene Photography • Testimonial evidence is faulty. • Admissions of guilt are not iron clad. • Jurors are influenced by what they can see and experience in the courtroom. • Photographs of the crime scene and evidence is a powerful tool in bringing the jury to the crime scene.
Getting the Evidence into Court • In order to be effective your evidence must be admitted into court evidence. • The following guidelines must be followed. • Do not disturb the scene • Get a complete set of pictures • Pay attention to camera angles • Record all data
Rule #1 Do NOT Disturb the Scene • This is the cardinal rule of crime scene photography • Both later investigators and jurors need to see the scene as it was when the police arrived • Leave scales and labels out of your first series of pictures • After the scene has been photographed in its original state, you shoot a second series of evidence pictures.
Rule #2 Complete Set of Pictures • You must move around the scene to see everything - So must the camera • Generally speaking, each important object in the scene should appear in at least three pictures • The overview should cover the entire scene to bring out the relationships between the objects. The mid range shot shows and important object and its immediate surroundings. Finally, each close-up shows a key detail clearly.
Example of Three Step Process 1. Overview 2. Mid-Range 3. Focused
Rule #3 Pay Attention to Angles • Relationships of size and distance may be distorted by the wrong viewpoint • Shoot most pictures with the camera at eye level. This is the height from which people normally see things and that makes it easier to judge perspective. • Ask yourself questions such as: • Does this picture reveal the true position of the witness to the crime? • Does the picture distort what I am shooting? • Am I shooting from the perspective of an observer.
Distortion • To prevent distortion that may skew the image and even prevent its admissibility, try to take the photos at a perpendicular angle.
Selecting A Lens Regular Aspect Lens Wide Angle Lens
Rule #4 Record all Data • Make a sketch of where each picture was shot • Write the details of each shot • Location, date, time, photographer, camera settings • Some court systems put more emphasis on print film • Label all pictures and negatives.
Taking the Pictures • A crime scene photographer has command of the art of photography. • All pictures must be • Sharp • Focused • Properly exposed • Framed properly • Have proper lighting
Lighting- The Critical Element • Lighting is critical in photography • The direction from which the light comes determines where shadows fall • Sometimes these shadows completely obscure details in the picture • On the other hand, shadows may reveal details which would otherwise be invisible • Let’s look at 3 types of natural light; back, side, and front lighting
Back Lighting • The light source is behind the object • A light directly behind the subject creates a silhouette • Furthermore, any light shining directly into the lens can cause a “flare” and/or a “halo” effect. • This has little value in crime scene photography
Side Lighting • Side lighting puts shadows on the unlit side of the subject • This may be very good or very bad, depending on the situation • These shadows are often essential to bring out the fine texture that is found in a cloth sample, a footprint or a tool mark • On the other hand, when you shoot into a subject, the shadows obscure important interior details
Front Lighting • The light source is behind you and the object being photographed • This is essentially shadow less. It, therefore, gives the best representation of most crime scenes • When you do not have a specific need for shadows in a scene, you will normally be wise to light it from the front
Not Enough Light? • Exposure times can be altered to brighten photographs • Longer exposure times required a tripod and no movement of the camera • Alternate light sources • Ultraviolet • Infrared • fluorescent
Bracketing • Since there is no magic setting for available light exposures, bracketing is necessary to ensure a quality photograph. • The same photo should be taken several times with each exposure changing one camera condition; either aperture or film speed.
Film vs. Digital • Film has been the traditional method of presenting photographic evidence, however digital is growing in use and acceptance. • Evidence integrity is always an important issue no matter the choice of media.
Homework • Camera Photography Starts Monday 10/4 • Get a Camera • Memory card • Transfer Cable • Extra Batteries • Manual
