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Gastrointestinal Medications

Gastrointestinal Medications. Antacids. Side effects: constipation, diarrhea Interfere with tetracycline absorption OTC meds Ex. Maalox, Mylanta (aluminum hydroxide) Milk of Magnesia (MOM) magnesium hydroxide Magnesium trisulcate ( Gelusil ). H2 Antagonists/blockers.

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Gastrointestinal Medications

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  1. Gastrointestinal Medications

  2. Antacids • Side effects: constipation, diarrhea • Interfere with tetracycline absorption • OTC meds • Ex. Maalox, Mylanta (aluminum hydroxide) • Milk of Magnesia (MOM) magnesium hydroxide • Magnesium trisulcate (Gelusil)

  3. H2 Antagonists/blockers • Block gastric acid and pepsin production from stimulation by food of parietal stomach lining cells. These meds block H2 receptors in parietal cells so no acid produced • Usually taken at bedtime. Interfere with ASA, ethanol, caffeine and cough meds.

  4. Examples of H2 blockers • Cimetidine (Tagamet) • Rantidine (Zantac) • Famotidine (Pepcid) • All are oral tablets, OTC in low doses, Rx in higher doses

  5. Proton Pump Inhibitors (new generation antacids replacing H2 blockers) • Block the ATP of the proton/acid pump of the parietal cells. Active pump in lining which makes acid is stopped by blocking access to ATP • Used also for GERD like H2 antagonists

  6. Ex. Of proton pump inhibitors • Esomeprazole (Nexium) • Lansoprazole( Prevacid) • Omeprazole (Prilosec)

  7. Gastric Anti-inflammatory Agents • For Crohn’s disease/ulcerative colitis • Auto-immne rejection of one’s own intestinal lining disease • Ex. Mesalamine (Rowasa, Asacol) • Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) • Oral or suppository or enema

  8. Anti-diahrreals • Kaopectate (attapulgite) • PeptoBismol (bismuth subsalicylate) • Lomotil (dipenoxulate with atropine) • Immodium (loperamide)

  9. Laxatives • Colace (docusate) stool softener • Milk of Magnesia (magnesium hydroxide) • Fleet enema (sodium diphosphate) hypertonic salt solution therefore draws more water into poop and gives BM

  10. Stimulant Laxatives • Increase peristalsis leading to BM • Dulcolax and Senokot, tablets or suppositories

  11. Bulk forming laxatives • Raise your fiber content in food which stimulates more peristalsis • Citrucel, Metamucil

  12. Bowel cleansing evacuant laxatives • Prior to colonoscopy for GI exams • Have high osmolar pressure i.e. suck fluids from your body’s bowels • No food intake for three hours prior to administration of meds, drink lots of water • Ex. GoLytely or NuLytely and Amitiza

  13. Antiemetics • For tx of nausea especially from narcotics and anesthetic use • Dramamine (dimendyrinate) • Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) • Atarax (hydroxyzine) • Antivert (meclizine) • Compazine • Phenergan (promethazine) • Tigan (trimethobenzamide)

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