How do you use your research questions to guide your research over multiple texts?

How do you use your research questions to guide your research over multiple texts?

In this lesson you will learn how to add to your current research by reading new texts with your burning questions in mind.

“The First Flight” Karen Shaw

Skimming the text for just the answers

Questions New Information Who are some other inventors? What did they invent? How are they similar to the Wright brothers? Are there other examples of inventors who have worked together to create something? Where did they come up with their design ideas? How else do inventors deal with problems that come up? Do all inventors have as many problems as the Wright brothers?

Did this answer any of my questions? When you look at the shape of an airplane, what does it remind you of? The answer, of course, is a bird. Airplanes are an example of something called biomimicry (BYE-oh- mim-ah-kree), the science of using designs in nature to create a new product or solution. Nature is a great place to look for ideas because over millions of years, the natural world tends to create systems that work well. Here's a great example: In 1948, a Swiss inventor went for a walk and came home with little seed pods, called burrs, stuck to his pants. The inventor examined the pods with a microscope and saw that they had little “hooks" that grabbed the “loops" in the fabric of his pants. It was a good way for the plant to spread its seeds around by clinging to passing animals, but that Swiss inventor, George de Mestral, used the idea to create Velcro. “Nature-inspired innovation is everywhere," including medicine, architecture, car design and fabrics, said Sam Stier of the Biomimicry Institute in Montana. Scientists are studying mosquitoes, which are able to bite you without you feeling it, to develop a new kind of needle that would make shots painless. Engineering professor Christopher Viney is studying hippo sweat to come up with an all-day sunscreen and bug repellant in one. Hippos spend all day in the sun and never get burned. They also cover themselves with poop to attract a mate, but never have flies on them. The unusual structure of the molecules in a hippo's sweat seem to protect them, so Viney wants to create a lotion “that has the same properties," he said. So next time you're outside, look around you. You may come up with a nature-inspired idea of your own! Nature Inspires Advances in Technology By Margaret Webb Pressler

Questions New Information “Nature Inspires Advances…” Who are some other inventors? What did they invent? How are they similar to the Wright brothers? Are there other examples of inventors who have worked together to create something? Where did they come up with their design ideas? How else do inventors deal with problems that come up? Do all inventors have as many problems as the Wright brothers? • George de Mestral: Velcro (studied burrs). • Airplane design came from studying birds (biomimicry).

Did this answer any of my questions? When you look at the shape of an airplane, what does it remind you of? The answer, of course, is a bird. Airplanes are an example of something called biomimicry (BYE-oh- mim-ah-kree), the science of using designs in nature to create a new product or solution. Nature is a great place to look for ideas because over millions of years, the natural world tends to create systems that work well. Here's a great example: In 1948, a Swiss inventor went for a walk and came home with little seed pods, called burrs, stuck to his pants. The inventor examined the pods with a microscope and saw that they had little “hooks" that grabbed the “loops" in the fabric of his pants. It was a good way for the plant to spread its seeds around by clinging to passing animals, but that Swiss inventor, George de Mestral, used the idea to create Velcro. “Nature-inspired innovation is everywhere," including medicine, architecture, car design and fabrics, said Sam Stier of the Biomimicry Institute in Montana. Scientists are studying mosquitoes, which are able to bite you without you feeling it, to develop a new kind of needle that would make shots painless. Engineering professor Christopher Viney is studying hippo sweat to come up with an all-day sunscreen and bug repellant in one. Hippos spend all day in the sun and never get burned. They also cover themselves with poop to attract a mate, but never have flies on them. The unusual structure of the molecules in a hippo's sweat seem to protect them, so Viney wants to create a lotion “that has the same properties," he said. So next time you're outside, look around you. You may come up with a nature-inspired idea of your own! Nature Inspires Advances in Technology By Margaret Webb Pressler

Questions New Information “Nature Inspires Advances…” Who are some other inventors? What did they invent? How are they similar to the Wright brothers? Are there other examples of inventors who have worked together to create something? Where did they come up with their design ideas? How else do inventors deal with problems that come up? Do all inventors have as many problems as the Wright brothers? • George de Mestral: Velcro (studied burrs). • Christopher Viney: sunscreen bug repellant (studying hippo sweat). • Scientists: a new kind of needle for painless shots (studying mosquitos) • Airplane design came from studying birds (biomimicry).

Is this important to the overall topic, or just interesting? Kingfisher bullet train: Japan's first high-speed trains had problems with tunnels. The trains would push air through a tunnel, and when it came out the other end, all that compressed air popped out with a huge noise, called a sonic boom. The train's nose was redesigned to have the same wedge shape as the kingfisher - which dives into the ocean with almost no splash. The air passed over the train, ending the sonic booms. Butterfly computer screen: Did you know that bluejays aren't actually blue? They have microscopic grooves in their feathers that are the exact same size as the “waves" in blue light. Some butterflies get their color this way too, and that inspired a new kind of cellphone screen from Qualcomm. Most electronic screens use a color display with a light behind it. The butterfly- inspired screen reflects colors of light using microscopic structures to create images. Typical screens on cellphones and e-readers are hard to see outdoors, but the images on this screen are brighter in sunlight! Gecko tape: How do geckos walk on the ceiling? They have millions of ! hairs on their toes and the molecules in the hairs are attracted to the molecules on the surface they are touching. It's kind of like socks and static electricity, but on a microscopic scale. Kellar Autumn, a biology professor, is developing a new kind of tape with millions of tiny hairlike structures that cling to surfaces the same way. In his early samples, the tape is incredibly strong but leaves no residue (sticky stuff) on the wall. Trust us, you mother will love this! — Margaret Webb Pressler Is this important to the overall topic, or just interesting?

Questions New Information “Nature Inspires Advances…” Who are some other inventors? What did they invent? How are they similar to the Wright brothers? Are there other examples of inventors who have worked together to create something? Where did they come up with their design ideas? How else do inventors deal with problems that come up? Do all inventors have as many problems as the Wright brothers? • George de Mestral: Velcro (studied burrs). • Christopher Viney: sunscreen bug repellant (studying hippo sweat). • Scientists: a new kind of needle for painless shots (studying mosquitos) • Airplane design came from studying birds (biomimicry). • Kellar Autumn: developing a strong no-residue tape (studying geckos’ toe hair).

Questions New Information Who are some other inventors? What did they invent? How are they similar to the Wright brothers? Are there other examples of inventors who have worked together to create something? Where did they come up with their design ideas? How else do inventors deal with problems that come up? Do all inventors have as many problems as the Wright brothers? What questions do I still have about this topic? • Are there any young inventors?

1 • Use a T-chart to organize questions and new information. • Read the new text with your questions in mind, adding answers and new information to the chart. 2 3 Ask yourself, “What questions do I still have about this topic?”

In this lesson you have learned how to add to your current research by reading new texts with your burning questions in mind.

(Insert article “Accidental Inventions”) After reading “Nature Inspires Advances in Technology” and creating burning questions… • Organize your questions on a T-chart. • Read “Accidental Inventions” with your burning questions in mind and complete the chart.

In pairs, review your new questions about the topic. • Which questions can you answer together? • Which questions are similar enough to combine? • Which are the most interesting questions of all?

Use your new burning questions to find two new sources on your topic. • Read the new sources. • Add to your T-chart

Quick Quiz After reading “Accidental Inventions” with your burning questions in mind, list three questions that you still have about the topic.

You can copy and paste these items into any slide Green text box that appears letter by letter Green text box that fades in Blue text box that appears letter by letter Blue text box that fades in Red text box that appears letter by letter Red text box that fades in

Quick Quiz After reading

You can copy and paste these items into any slide—make sure you copy both the bubble and the text! Do I feel strongly about it? Do I have a lot to say? Do I have a lot to say? Do I have a lot to say? Do I feel strongly about it?

You can copy and paste these items into any slide. You can resize them as needed! Use black text when you write in me please! Also, keep my text left-justified rather than centered! Use black text when you write in me please! Also, keep the text left-justified rather than centered!

All arrows can be recolored by changing the “shape fill.” You can also resize them or rotate them!

You can use these when discussing main ideas or steps in a process… 1 • [Write first step here…] 2 • [Write second step here…] 3 [Write third step here…]

You can resize any of these boxes and use them to highlight text or ideas.

Let’s Review A Common Mistake Core Lesson Guided Practice Extension Activities Quick Quiz

How do you use your research questions to guide your research over multiple texts?