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Dr. John W. Bonnell EFW Soc Lead/Hardware Co-I UC Berkeley 510-642-0852 jbonnell@ssl.berkeley

An Introduction to RBSP-EFW The Electric Field and Waves Instrument On the NASA Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission. Dr. John W. Bonnell EFW Soc Lead/Hardware Co-I UC Berkeley 510-642-0852 jbonnell@ssl.berkeley.edu. Outline. Mission Overview Schedules Orbits

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Dr. John W. Bonnell EFW Soc Lead/Hardware Co-I UC Berkeley 510-642-0852 jbonnell@ssl.berkeley

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  1. An Introduction to RBSP-EFW The Electric Field and Waves Instrument On the NASA Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission Dr. John W. Bonnell EFW Soc Lead/Hardware Co-I UC Berkeley 510-642-0852 jbonnell@ssl.berkeley.edu

  2. Outline • Mission Overview • Schedules • Orbits • Instruments and Data Products • EFW Instrument Overview • Hardware Design • Data Products • Operations • TOHBAN Duty • Data Analysis Tools RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  3. Mission Overview -- Schedule 26 months until launch! RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  4. Mission Overview – Orbits and Attitude • SC spin axis points near the Sun. • 21-day repointing schedule: • 27-deg max off-pointing. • 15-deg N-S pointing offset. • EFW wire boom motion < 0.5-deg, post-maneuver. Post-Commissioning apogee is near Dawn, precessing towards Midnight … • ~ 600 km alt. apogee • ~ 5.8 Re radius apogee • ~ 9-hr period. • 10-deg inclination (to equator) ~70 days/lap -> 5 laps/yr ~220 deg/yr -> 1y 8m precession RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  5. Mission Overview – InstrumentsParticles From RBSP M-CDR, p.4.1-9. RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  6. Mission Overview – InstrumentsFields EFW Burst Capability (up to 8 kHz) From RBSP M-CDR, p.4.1-10. RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  7. Mission Overview – InstrumentsData Products From RBSP SDMP, p.38. RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  8. RBSP Level-1 Mission ScienceEFW Measurement Requirements Provide understanding, ideally to the point of predictability, of how populations of relativistic electrons and penetrating ions in space form or change in response to variable input from the Sun. Which physical processes enhance the radiation belts? What are the dominant processes for relativistic electron loss? How does the ring current and other geomagnetic processes affect radiation belt behavior? The EFW instrument measures the DC and low-frequency electric fields, plasma density structures, and EM waves responsible for the acceleration, loss, and transport of energetic charged particles in the inner magnetosphere. RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  9. RBSP EFW InstrumentOn-Orbit Configuration Axial Booms (1 of 2; 12-14-m tip-to-tip) Spin Plane Booms (1 of 4; 80- and 100-m tip-to-tip) IDPU (inside S/C bus, on side panel) RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  10. RBSP-EFW Instrument Overview +Z • “A High-Impedance, Low-Noise, Three-Axis Digital Voltmeter in Space” • Booms and Sensors: • Four spin plane booms (2 x 40 m and 2x 50 m) • Two spin axis stacer booms (2x6 to 7 m; length trimable on-orbit) • Spherical sensors and preamplifiers near outboard tip of boom (400-kHz response) • Flexible boom cable to power sensor electronics & return signals back to SC • Sensors are current biased by instrument command to optimize DC and AC response. 2 Instrument Data Processing Unit (IDPU): Main electronic box, controlling sensor bias, A-D conversion, digital filtering, burst memory, diagnostics, mode commanding, TM formatting ). Provides analog interface between EFW and EMFISIS instruments (shared E- and B-field measurement capabilities). Provides Space Weather quantities (spin fit E; SC_POT) to “beacon” and std. TM. 5 4 3 6 Not to Scale 1 RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  11. InstrumentationDesigns IDPU AXB (1 of 2), Stowed SPB (1 of 4), Stowed RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  12. InstrumentationEngineering Test Units RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  13. EFW InstrumentBlock Diagram RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  14. EFW InstrumentBlock Diagram – Descriptions (1) • Sensors and Preamps • makes electrical contact with ambient plasma • buffers contact to plasma and drives cables to maintain DC and AC response. • provides surfaces for current and voltage biasing (SENSOR, USHER, GUARD). • Boom Deploy Units (SPB, AXB) • provides mechanical anchor for wire and stacer booms. • provides controlled deploy mechanism (releases, motors, etc.). • Instrument Data Processing Unit (IDPU) • Consists of 4 boards in a heavy (.350-inch thick!) Al Chassis – BEB, DFB, DCB, and PCB/LVPS. RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  15. EFW InstrumentBlock Diagram – Descriptions (2) • Boom Electronics Board (BEB) • provides floating ground generation, current and voltage bias control, ground test signal routing. • Digital Fields Board (DFB) • provides analog signal conditioning (single-ended V, differential E, DC/AC coupled, etc.). • provides analog-to-digital conversion (16 ksamp/s/channel), digital waveform filtering (13 power-of-two steps for each channel), broadband filter generation (one octave each), FFT-based spectral and cross-spectral data products, B-field aligned coordinate transformation prior to SPEC or XSPEC processing. • Data Controller Board (DCB) • Provides command and data interface between EFW and rest of SC • Handles command processing, instrument control, data routing and formatting, burst valuation. • Power Control Board/Low-Voltage Power Supply (PCB/LVPS) • Provides regulated power supplies (fixed and floating ground) for all IDPU boards. • Provides isolated BEB supplies for contingency operations (E-field to EMFISIS). RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  16. EFW-DFBBlock Diagram RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  17. EFW-DFB Performance Specifications (1) RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  18. EFW-DFB Performance Specifications (2) RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  19. Telemetry Budget • Proportions of real time data and playback of burst are adjustable to keep within 12-kbps budget. • Baseline effective duty cycles for B1 and B2 data are: • B1 – 7.5% (1.8 hr/day, or 40 min/orbit). • B2 – 0.1% (~80 s/day, or ~30 s/orbit). RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  20. EFW SOCData Products RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  21. EFW SOCQuickLook/Summary Plots • Combination of Survey waveform (E and B) and spectral (ptcl and wave) data: • spin-fit E and B • survey waveform E and V • SC Potential (density) • i+ and e- flux vs. energy and time spectra. • Relevant geophysical indices (eg. Dst) • Perigee-to-Perigee and UTC day divisions. • Automated generation from QL data. • Example format (THEMIS) to right: RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  22. EFW SOCSystem Diagram TEST-SOC FLIGHT-SOC GSE RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  23. EFW SOCOrganization • The EFW SOC will be: • Developed at UCB. • Hosted from UCB. • UCB has played a similar role on previous missions: • CRRES, Polar, FAST, THEMIS. • EFW Instrument I&T occurs at UCB, and SOC development builds on the GSE required to support that effort: • GSE→Test SOC→FLT SOC. • EFW SOC development a collaboration between the SOC team and FSW Lead, with input from PI, PM, and SysEng, as required. • Pre- and Post-Launch Scientific input, testing and guidance provided by PI and EFW Science Team. • Tohban (Duty Scientist) provides single-point-of-contact between Science Team and SOC Team post-launch. EFW SOC Effort – Technical Management RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  24. “Ask not what EFW can do for you, but what you can do for EFW…” Who is the TOHBAN, and what does he or she do? “Scientist on Duty” (TOHBAN = Duty Officer or Officer of the Day). 2-4 week stints providing: PI Support (planning, analysis, discussion). Data Validation. Burst Playback Selection. Liaison between EFW Science Team SOC Team: Implementation of science measurement goals and requirements. Coordination between EFW and other RBSP Instrument teams. What’s in it for you? Deeper understanding and appreciation of EFW dataset. First cut at data fresh off the satellite. Larger role in burst selection planning. Enduring appreciation of EFW technical and ops staff. RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  25. EFW SOC Utilization Normal On-Orbit Operations Burst Management (RBSP_EFW_SYS_016B_BurstTriggers) Higher-rate waveform data (E, V, and SCM) collected continuously and banked into SDRAM and FLASH in seconds to minutes long segments (many days of B1 storage; many minutes of B2 storage). Each segment tagged with “Burst Quality” computed on-board from DC or AC fields data cues (Filter Bank AC E or B, cues from other instruments). B1 playback is through ground selection by PI a/o TOHBAN based on Survey data and other data sources (geophysical indices, etc.); on-board with Burst Quality allows for autonomous selection and playback, as needed (vacations, illness, ennui, etc.). B2 survival and playback selection on-board is based on Burst Quality; playback selection includes option for forced collection (supports INT, and some possible campaign modes). B1 and B2 support for time-tagged campaign modes available as well (e.g. BARREL support). Inter-Instrument Burst Data EFW message includes axial sensor status (illuminated/eclipsed), sensor sweep status (static/sweeping), and current burst-valuation algorithm ID and value (SC-level Shared Instrument Data ICD). RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  26. Data Analysis Tools IDL/TPLOT-based tools during Instrument and SC-level INT: TPLOT by itself. EFWPLOT (TPLOT for non-programmers). Level-0 data files or equivalent. THEMIS Data Analysis Software (TDAS) during mission: IDL/TPLOT-based; developed/supported at UCB. ISTP-compliant CDF data files. In use now (FAST, THEMIS). Developing interest from ERG and ORBITALS. Science Data Tool (SDT) during mission: C-based; developed/supported at UCB. ISTP-compliant CDF data files. Old-school E-field tool (Polar, Cluster). AUTOPLOT for inter-instrument data browsing: Feeds on ISTP-compliant CDF data files. Can act as scripted filter to produce files in desired output format. RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  27. BACKUP and SUPPORTING SLIDES RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  28. EFW Measurement Requirements And Example Data RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  29. RBSP Level-1 Mission ScienceEFW Measurement Requirements (in detail) The RBSP mission will determine local steady and impulsive electric and magnetic fields …These products will enable the scientific goals of determining convective and impulsive flows, determining properties of shock generated shock fronts, … The RBSP mission will derive and determine spatial and temporal variations of electrostatic and electromagnetic field amplitudes, frequency, intensity, propagation direction, spatial distribution and temporal evolution with sufficient fidelity to calculate wave energy, polarization, saturation levels, coherence, wave normal angle, phase velocity, and wave number for a) VLF and ELF waves, and b) random, ULF, and quasi-periodic electromagnetic fluctuations. These products will enable the scientific goals of determining the types and characteristics of plasma waves causing particle energization and loss including wave growth rates; quantifying adiabatic and non-adiabatic mechanisms of energization and loss …; determining conditions that control the production and propagation of waves … High time resolution burst electric and magnetic field measurements will provide understanding of the role in the prompt acceleration and loss of energetic particles of non-linear interactions with discrete large amplitude wave structures. RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  30. CRRES measurements of the E-field during a pass through the inner magnetosphere: interplanetary shock induced electric field, large scale MHD waves, and enhancement in convection electric field. E-Fields in the Active Radiation Belt MHD waves: an important mechanism for radially diffusing and energizing particles. The shock induced magnetosonic wave created a 5 order of magnitude increase in 13 MeV electron fluxes in <100 seconds resulting in a new radiation belt that lasted two years The large scale electric field produced a ~70 kV potential drop between L=2 & L-4 and injected ring current plasma. dDst/dt= - 40 nT/hr RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  31. RBSP Mission Data Products By Instrument and Level RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  32. Data ProductsECT Next 5 pp, from RBSP SDMP, p.40-4. RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  33. Data ProductsEMFISIS RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  34. Data ProductsEFW RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  35. Data ProductsRBSPICE RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  36. Data ProductsPSBR/RPS RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  37. EFW Instrument Commissioning: Turn-On/Check-Out And SPB and AXB Boom Deploy RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  38. EFWInstrument Commissioning EFW Commissioning consists of two phases: Initial instrument turn on and check out. Radial and axial boom deploys. May occur at RBSP MOC (using Test SOC; prefered) or at EFW SOC (using Flight SOC). Turn-On and Checkout consists of stowed functional tests (duplicates of SC-level INT procs and data, which are in turn duplicates of Inst-level INT procs and data). Commanding performed via scripts on CTG by EFW Operator. Connection to EFW Instrument is via spacecraft and Flight MOC. User Interface to EFW instrument does not change from INT to Commissioning and Ops. RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  39. EFWInstrument Commissioning: Boom Deploys Baseline EFW boom deploy plan already developed (RBSP_EFW_TN_003C_EFW_BoomDeploySequence.doc). Boom deploy power controlled by MOC (SC service). Boom deploy commanding through EFW SOC (test or flight). Commanding via scripts of FSW commands, run on the CTG, with feedback on status and progress of deploy via RealTime Engineering telemetry: DEPPAIR: which pair of booms enabled. DEPSTAT A/B: deploy motor status. DELN A/B: number of clicks deployed so far. Deploy commands are of the form: Deploy a pair of booms N clicks. Deploy a single boom N clicks. FSW monitors deploy, and maintains pair-wise deploys within 2 clicks of each other, until deploy is complete, or deploy is aborted. Heritage system (and code!) from Polar, Cluster, THEMIS. RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  40. EFWInstrument Commissioning: Radial Booms Deploy For radial boom deploys, conservation of angular momentum and known mass properties of SC and booms allow for prediction of spin rate as a function of boom stroke (number of clicks deployed) Spin rate changes during staged, pair-wise boom deploy illustrated below. Spin rate vs. boom stroke and time during deploy used to monitor state of deploy and abort, if required. Baseline 15-day parallel deploy schedule between both observatories incorporated into current Mission Timeline. Fine wire unfurling RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  41. EFWInstrument Commissioning: Axial Booms Deploy Axial boom deploy occurs after radial boom deploy is complete, and observatory mass properties and dynamics confirmed (typically no significant delay required). Axial booms deployed singly, in stages using motor deploy system to ≈5-m stroke (≈10-m tip-to-tip). Final deploy lengths trimmed in few-cm increments using Survey axial E-field and SC potential estimates to reduce common-mode signal. Trim phase occurs in parallel with other instrument commissioning activities. See the following EFW Technical Note for further analysis and details: RBSP_EFW_TN_023C_AXB_motor_drive_and_measurement_requirement.doc RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  42. Acronyms, Abbreviations, References and Links RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  43. Acronyms and Abbreviations RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

  44. References and Links APL Document 7419-9129, rev ‘-’, “RBSP Science Data Management Plan,” N. Fox; pp. 37-38, pp. 40-44. RBSP Mission CDR Package, Dec 2009: “4.1 Science Requirements and Implementation, “ B. Mauk. “5.1 Mission Systems Engineering Overview, “ J. Stratton; p. 5.1-8. “5.3 Mission Design and Navigation, “ G. Heyler; p. 5.3-3,4,6. EFW Instrument CDR Package, Sep 2009: “201-DFB-Cole,” W. Cole. “101-Overview-Goetz,” K. Goetz. “102-Science-Wygant,”, J. Wygant. “103-SYS-Ludlam,” M. Ludlam. RBSP-EFW Instrument FTP Site: http://apollo.sll.berkeley.edu/pub/RBSP RBSP Mission Site: http://rbsp.jhuapl.edu/ RBSP-EFW Sci Team Mtg - 26 Mar 2010

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