Key principles of stakeholder & community engagement

1. Key principles of stakeholder & community engagement Dr. Joanne Tippett School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester Founder of Ketso

2. Top 6 Hints 1. Start early and engage often Make sure people actually have a chance to influence decision making, don’t start to engage after decisions have already been made! Continue to engage throughout implementation & reviewing progress. 2. Start with the positive Look for existing networks & the engaged (then look for the people not yet engaged & ask what would help them engage, what would work for them?); in any workshop, start with ‘What works?’ ‘What do you like?’. 3. Communicate often & through multiple channels Put information out in different ways & ensure that you feed back ideas that emerge from engagement & what has been done!

3. Top 6 Hints 4. Link small wins to long term change Maintain interest and enthusiasm for long term change by looking for opportunities to achieve something in the short term, celebrate the small wins (& communicate about the longer term at the same time). 5. Link the local to the bigger picture Community members are more likely to engage with issues outside their back door. Look for ways to link planning at local & strategic levels of scale. 6. Look for ways to align your interest with other groups Look for ways to connect to other partners & sectors, asking ‘what would success look like for you?’ & see how to align your interests to achieve synergies for multiple parties.

4. Value of Participation 1. Ethics (it’s the right thing to do and increasingly, we have to do it) 2. Effectiveness (it helps us get things done & done better!) 3. Strengthens governance and democracy (transparency and communication are increased) 4. Opportunities for learning and change (& goodness knows we will need this to build resilience) (From Warburton, referenced in Tippett, J. 2004. 'A participatory protocol for ecologically informed design within river catchments', Ph.D. University of Manchester: Chapter 4)

5. Very, Very Short History of Participation • 1960’s US civil rights and war on poverty movement • 1970’s and 80’s shifts in international development – putting the people first • Sustainable development, Local Agenda 21 1990’s • EU Water Framework Directive – 2000 ‘active involvement’ of citizens in river basin planning

6. ‘Just connect’

7. Connecting: People Creativity and decisions Across time Existing assets and the future Levels of scale Sectors

8. Connecting: People Who is in the area? Start with the already engaged and existing networks

9. Connecting: People Who is in the area? Start with the already engaged and existing networks Ask questions – What would success look like for you? What do we need to do to make this work for you? (e.g. what time and venue suits your group, what else is going on that we can add value to?)

10. Why do people engage? (key themes from workshop with 58 Wigan Wetlands & Woodlands Custodians)

11. Satisfaction from making a difference Why do people engage? (key themes from workshop with 58 Wigan Wetlands & Woodlands Custodians)

12. Communicate what changes have happened & how decisions have been made

13. Where possible, show the full range of ideas developed as well as decisions “Ketso is unique in its ability to not only surface new thoughts but also to provide a credible and traceable evidence base for recommendations that emerge from consultation.” Joe Brady, Head of Integration Services Scottish Refugee Council

14. Satisfaction from making a difference Friendship and connections Health and wellbeing Education and skills Enjoyment Why do people engage? (key themes from workshop with 58 Wigan Wetlands & Woodlands Custodians)

15. Connecting: People Who is in the area? Start with the already engaged and existing networks Ask questions – What would success look like for you? What do we need to do to make this work for you? (e.g. what time and venue suits your group, what else is going on that we can add value to?) Ask questions – Who else is not involved, and why?

16. Connecting: People Who is in the area? Start with the already engaged and existing networks Ask questions – What would success look like for you? What do we need to do to make this work for you? (e.g. what time and venue suits your group, what else is going on that we can add value to?) Ask questions – Who else is not involved, and why? How do you engage with the ‘hard to reach’? – language, cultural issues, accessibility (e.g. learning, communication, childcare and physical access)

17. Community mapping – visual approaches

18. Participatory appraisal – hands-on approaches Founder – Robert Chambers (Whose Reality Counts?) Image source www.clearhorizon.com.auparticipatory-planningparticipatory-learning-and-action

19. Participatory appraisal – moveable pieces Founder – Robert Chambers (Whose Reality Counts?) Image source www.tradeschool.ourgoods.org

20. Planning for Real – moveable models Neighbourhood Initiatives Foundation Image source http.www.royal-deeside.org.ukRDcommactiveplanning.htm

21. Ketso, a hands-on kit for creative engagement

22. Walking tours / story telling in place

23. Even in big groups, simply getting people to talk to each other (create a record ideas, show of hands)

24. Connecting: Creativity and decisions Encourage a creative approach – can we think differently about this? What can we do?

25. Connecting: Creativity and decisions Encourage a creative approach – can we think differently about this? What can we do? Have people actually got a say in what goes on?

26. Arnstein’s Ladder of Participation (Arnstein, S., 1969. A Ladder of Public Participation. Journal of American Institute of Planners July.)

27. Do Community Members Want Involvement? MOST Want to know what is going on MANY Want to be consulted and have some choices SOME Want to influence policies/share decision-making FEW Want to control their Community and Services

28. Wheel of Empowerment (Davidson, S. 1998. 'Spinning the Wheel of Empowerment.' Planning: 14-15.)

29. Connecting: Creativity and decisions Encourage a creative approach – can we think differently about this? What can we do? Have people actually got a say in what goes on? Even when decisions have been made, you can start with exploring what matters to people, see how it links to the decisions, and take a creative approach to thinking of how to make the most of the situation Apply creativity to your own approach, and learn from what you do! Community engagement not always easy but always an opportunity to learn!

30. Connecting: Across time Engage early (engagement is all too often too little, too late)

31. Connecting: Across time Engage early (engagement is all too often too little, too late) Give feedback about what has happened

33. Connecting: Across time Engage early (engagement is all too often too little, too late) Give feedback about what has happened Communicate often and using different formats

34. Connecting: Across time Engage early (engagement is all too often too little, too late) Give feedback about what has happened Communicate often and using different formats Review and re-plan (you will always learn from doing, and you need more input)

35. Connecting: Across time Engage early (engagement is all too often too little, too late) Give feedback about what has happened Communicate often and using different formats Review and re-plan (you will always learn from doing, and you need more input) Look to what has happened before – can you link up your engagement with earlier efforts?

36. Connecting: Across time Engage early (engagement is all too often too little, too late) Give feedback about what has happened Communicate often and using different formats Review and re-plan (you will always learn from doing, and you need more input) Look to what has happened before – can you link up your engagement with earlier efforts? Think of how you are making results and ideas available to others

37. Connecting: Existing assets and the future Start with the positive, what assets do people have? What is working?

38. Think Together Effectively: the Ketso approach Start with a focus on the positive (e.g. existing assets) • The first question powerfully sets the tone and direction • Brown leaves - this is the soil we have to grow ideas in • What is going well? What works? What are our existing assets? What do we have to work with?

39. Shift in power dynamics from ‘I am the expert and you have problems’ to working together to create solutions

40. Connecting: Existing assets and the future Start with the positive, what assets do people have? What is working? How can we make the most of existing assets in future planning? How can we help people make the most of what they have and build capacity to use it?

41. Connecting: Existing assets and the future Start with the positive, what assets do people have? What is working? How can we make the most of existing assets in future planning? How can we help people make the most of what they have and build capacity to use it? Build your own assets - deliver some small wins early, communicate about them and link them to future improvements, use them to sustain enthusiasm

42. Connecting: Levels of scale People tend to engage with the very local How can you link the local to the more strategic level of scale

43. E.g. planning for Moston Vale (local) & also developing ideas for Irk River Valley

44. Connecting: Levels of scale People tend to engage with the very local How can you link the local to the more strategic level of scale Can you create a two way process, to harness the power of the local in strategic planning, and to get things done at the local level to achieve the vision?

45. Connecting: Sectors In any (open and creative) engagement process issues will come up outside of your ‘remit’ / area

46. Connecting: Sectors In any (open and creative) engagement process issues will come up outside of your ‘remit’ / area What sort of issues are linked to rivers? Health, transport, built environment, community learning, dog poo… and all sorts of other things you have not thought of!

47. Connecting: Sectors In any (open and creative) engagement process issues will come up outside of your ‘remit’ / area What sort of issues are linked to rivers? Health, transport, built environment, community learning… Issues will require action from different sectors

48. Connecting: Sectors In any (open and creative) engagement process issues will come up outside of your ‘remit’ / area What sort of issues are linked to rivers? Health, transport, built environment, community learning… Issues will require action from different sectors See how your activities can add value to / link up with others’ engagement (e.g. neighbourhood planning, engagement from police, health, flood management)

49. Connecting: Sectors In any (open and creative) engagement process issues will come up outside of your ‘remit’ / area What sort of issues are linked to rivers? Health, transport, built environment, community learning… Issues will require action from different sectors See how your activities can add value to / link up with others’ engagement (e.g. neighbourhood planning, engagement with police, health, flood management) Invite other sectors to your events (ask what would make it useful for them)

50. Connecting: Sectors In any (open and creative) engagement process issues will come up outside of your ‘remit’ / area What sort of issues are linked to rivers? Health, transport, built environment, community learning… Issues will require action from different sectors See how your activities can add value to / link up with others’ engagement (e.g. neighbourhood planning, engagement with police, health, flood management) Invite other sectors to your events (ask what would make it useful for them) Make data and ideas available to relevant people