Virtual Mission Operations of Remote Sensors with Rapid Access to/from Space

1. Virtual Mission Operations of Remote Sensors with Rapid Access to/from Space SpaceOps 2010 April 26-30, 2010 AIAA-2010-2305 Will Ivancic william.d.ivancic@nasa.gov +1 (216) 433-3494

2. VMOC negotiates for Space Assets Network Control Center Configures Spacecraft via VMOC VMOC negotiates for ground station services Stored data transferred to ground (Large file transfer over multiple ground stations) Space Sensor acquires data (e.g. image) 7 6 3 5 2 2 4 Stored data transferred to ground 4 Network Control Center Configures Ground Assets 3 VMOC negotiates for ground station services 4 1 Seismic Sensor alerts VMOC Network Control Center Configures Ground Assets Sensor 4 The Goal VMOC NOC NOC NOC

3. Space Based Sensorweb – Completed • Demonstrated IPv6 and IPsec between ground and space using Cisco Router in Low Earth Orbit (CLEO) • Use of Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) for large image transfers from space • Demonstrated Proactive Fragmentation • Demonstrated Reactive Fragmentation • Demonstrated Store and Forward using DTN2 Reference Implementation on the ground • Contributed to code to enable large files to pass as bundles. • Operational Infrastructure in place at Universal Space Network • Access to Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL) Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) satellites is part of their operational networks in Alaska, Hawaii and Australia • Machine-to-Machine autonomous scheduling of space-based assets • General Dynamics receives trigger form United States Geological Survey (USGS) and schedules contacts with SSTL UK-DMC (mirrored, not live due to cost to for SSTL to implement ). • Note, Autonomously scheduling Universal Space Network (USN) assets was not performed.

4. UKDMC SSTL UK-DMC. 1st onboard router (CLEO), IPv4 mobile-IP, IPv4 IPsec, IPv6, Bundles from space, proactive and reactive bundling. www.dmcii.com The Cape of Good Hope and False Bay. False colours – red is vegetation. Taken by UK-DMC satellite at 08:27 UTC, Wednesday, 27 August 2008. Downloaded using bundling over Saratoga, with proactive fragmentation. Fragments assembled at NASA Glenn, then postprocessedat Surry Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL). First sensor imagery delivered by bundles from space.

5. Space Based Sensorweb – Future Work • Machine-to-Machine autonomous scheduling of space-based assets • Automatically task actual UK-DMC • Phase 2 - Up & Download through SSTL, UK • Phase 3 – Upload through SSTL, UK & Download to selected Ground station (SSTL, UK or potentially USN Alaska) • Phase 4 – Upload through selected Ground station & Download to selected Ground station • Note, Autonomously scheduling USN assets was not performed. • Currently use email. • Can easily be automated, but... • USN developed a web service interface for Machine-to-Machine communications.

6. Space/Ground Network UK-DMC/CLEO Satellite Scheduler & Controller NICT Koganei Ground Station SSTL Guildford England Open Internet VMOC-1 (GRC) Universal Space Network Ground Network Alaska, Hawaii and Australia Home Agent (GRC) Database VMOC

7. Automated Service Requests

8. Machine-to-Machine Autonomous Scheduling

9. Secure Autonomous Automated Scheduling Data Flow

10. Machine-to-Machine Autonomous Scheduling of Space and Ground assets • Sensor Trigger is USGS seismic notification • Trigger is adjustable • VMOC requests UK-DMC satellite contact availability from SSTL Mission Planning System (mirrored operation to date) • VMOC returns possible contact times and well as potential improvement via use of USN assets. • VMOC / USN automated scheduling has not been implemented • USN currently uses email, but is looking aTweb services • User Submits Request • Could be automated, but currently user approval is required as submission results in actual cost to the User/Organization

11. Great Lakes Operation CenterVMOC Structure

12. Great Lakes Operation Center – GLOC

13. Tactical – Earthquake Tasks

14. Earthquakes (Threshold set to Magnitude = 2)

15. Task Reports with Priority

16. Map Showing Location of Event

17. Mission – UK-DMC Collection Management

18. Task Request Details and Submission

19. VMOC for System Troubleshooting

20. Department of Defense use of the VMOC • TacSat-4: ONR HEO Theater Communication Relay • VMOC I/F w/ TacSat-4 provides risk reduction for the ORS-1 • Operations intend to begin Oct 2010 (assuming no schedule slip) • ORS-1: First OpSat being readied for launch in the Nov 2010 • Intermediate architecture as step toward Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) 2015 Ground System Enterprise (GSE) • Integration of VMOC with: PRISM, MMSOC GSA, and DCGS • VMOC / PRISM I/F allows theater to request tasking of ORS assets using the same tool they use to task air breathing platforms with added automated feedback • VMOC / Multi Mission Satellite Operations Center Ground System Enterprise (MMSOC GSA) I/F allows automated sensor tasking based on detailed mission models and predetermined ground station schedule • VMOC / Distributed Common Ground System (DCGS) I/F provides a commonly formatted file needed to acquire and track ORS-1 • Joint Space Operations Center (JSpOC): • Spring ‘11 90 day eval of VMOC as JSpOC Mission System Prototype

21. Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS) • Radios: • Downlink uses standard satellite modems and uplink uses amateur radio at 9.6 kbps • Doppler adjusted at the ground station • Uplink and downlink Data link is Frame Relay/HDLC/IP • All space communication use Internet Protocols • Integration of systems performed using standard Web-based services and service oriented architecture including machine-to-machine autonomous operations • Use of COTS Internet Protocols and Web-based standard services dramatically reduces cost and improves integration time • SSTL’s networks and satellite all managed locally and remotely using IP technology • USN networks managed remotely using IP technology such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). • Space Links end at the ground stations. None are extended. • No use of CCSDS SLE-TM or CCSDS SLE-Service Management

22. Questions/ Thank You

23. Additional Detail

24. Ideal LARGE Image Transfer – Multiple Ground Stations (New Capability – Application Being Developed) <<- Time <<- Large File Transfer Over Multiple Ground Stations - The Problem - Experiments Workstation Satellite Scheduler & Controller Battlefield Operations (Vandenberg AFB) 2nd Ground Station Segovia NOC Desire is to buffer locally while in sight of the satellite then redistribute to the VMOC Open Internet SSTL Rate Mismatch Problem VMOC-1 Home Agent (GRC) VMOC-2 (GRC) Database VMOC

25. DTN Bundle Agent Intermediary DTN Bundle Agent Intermediary DTN Bundle Agent Intermediary DTN Bundle Agent Sink ->> Time ->> Large File Transfer Over Multiple Ground Stations - DTN is a Potential Solution - Ground Station 2 Ground Station 1 Ground Station 3 Open Internet VMOC Satellite Scheduler & Controller Database VMOC Home Agent

26. DTN Bundle Agent Sink Combining Mobile-IP and DTN for File Upload ->> Time ->> Could be potential SMDC “Technology Scout” Experiment Ground Station 2 Ground Station 1 Ground Station 3 Open Internet One may be able to use Contact Graph Routing, But Mobile-IP May be a lot Easier to Implement. VMOC Satellite Scheduler & Controller DTN Bundle Agent Source Database VMOC Home Agent

27. Large File Transfers using DTN • First successful test August 27 and 28, 2008 • Demonstrate DTN Bundle Transfer from UK-DMC to SSTL Ground Station. • Demonstrate that DTN code and general SSTL code can coexist without effecting normal SSTL Operations. • Configuration • UK-DMC acquired a 150 Mbyte image. • DTN bundling code default set to 80 Mbytes for proactive fragmentation. • Tests (All Successful) • Basic file download using existing technique (GRC Saratoga). • Same file downloaded but treated as single bundle (DTN). • Same file download but using DTN proactive fragmentation with 80 Mbytes preconfigured fragments. (Somewhere in the downloads we want to make sure we download the sysconfig that has the MD5 payload checksum). • Basic file download using SSTL Saratoga

28. Multi-Terminal Large File Transfers using DTN • September 30 and October 1, 2009 successfully demonstrated multi-terminal large file transfers using DTN and ground stations in Alaska and Hawaii • Demonstrated proactive fragmentation • Demonstrated Store and Forward of ground infrastructure • Ground station held bundles until routes were established • Demonstrated reactive fragmentation between Hawaii ground station bundle agent and GRC bundle agent. • Configuration • UK-DMC acquired a 150 Mbyte image. • DTN bundling code default set to 80 Mbytes for proactive fragmentation.

29. Multi-Terminal Large File Transfers using DTN

30. Multi-Terminal Large File Transfers – Procedure • Use Satellite Tool Kit to determine UK-DMC contact times with Ground Stations • UK-DMC high-rate passes require sunlight operations to conserve battery power • Check USN Operations Schedule for ground station availability • Reserve USN ground station time via email request • Request SSTL Operations via email • Check new USN operation schedule to confirm reservation and check SSTL confirmation. If steps 3 or 4 fail repeat with step 1 to determine new time. Example Schedule Request for USN Operations