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Genetics

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  1. Genetics

  2. Human Growth and Development • Human growth and development is the study of how people change as they go through life. • Development is similar for everyone, but each person grows and develops at an individual rate.

  3. Areas of Development • Physical development - all the bodily changes that occur as a person grows and ages. • Intellectual development - a person’s ability to learn something and then apply this knowledge to new problems and experiences. • Emotional development - changes in a person’s ability to establish a unique identity and express feelings. • Social development - learning to interact with other people.

  4. Hierarchy of Human Needs • A psychologist named Abraham Maslow developed a system of basic human needs. • Hierarchy of human needs: • Food, shelter, bodily comfort • Safety, security • To feel loved, have a sense of belonging • Self-esteem, approval • Desire to live up to one’s potential

  5. Genetics • Genetics is an area of biology that deals with the passing of genes from parents to children. • Genes contain DNA: • DNA consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes • Each pair is made up of one chromosome from the mother and one from the father.

  6. Genetic Diseases • Genes can mutate, or break, and become the basis of disease. • Two types of genetic diseases: • Single-gene • Chromosomal

  7. Single Gene Diseases • A single-gene disease results from an individual mutant gene. • This type of mutant gene may either create an abnormality or fail to make something that is necessary. • Examples: • Cystic fibrosis • Phenylketonuria • Hemophilia • Albinism • Sickle cell anemia • Red-green color blindness • Tay-Sachs disease • Huntington disease

  8. Chromosomal Diseases • Chromosomal diseases are the result of chromosomal breakage, an abnormal chromosome, or a missing chromosome • Two categories of chromosomal diseases are trisomy and monosomy. • Examples: • Down syndrome • Klinefelter syndrome • Turner syndrome

  9. Genetic Research • Gene therapy - treatment of single-cell disease by replacing the mutant gene. • Genetic engineering - imitation and artificial manipulation of DNA to create recombinant DNA.

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