بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم

1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم دکتر عباس عباس زاده

2. رابطه حقوق و اخلاق پزشکیMedical Ethics and The Law دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان

3. Introduction to medical ethics • Ethics or Moral Philosophy is the study of morals in human conduct دکتر عباس عباس زاده

4. Introduction to medical ethics • Ethics deals with: • What is right and wrong • What is good and bad • What ought and ought not to be done دکتر عباس عباس زاده

5. Introduction to medical ethics • The purpose of medical ethics is: • To rational coherent and consistent approach • To reasonable approach to making moral decisions • To universal moral principles for individual decision-making دکتر عباس عباس زاده

6. Introduction to medical ethics • The purpose of medical ethics is NOT: • To describe legal constraints • To formalize religious teaching or sentiments • To provide sociological or psychological explanations • To show historical or anthropological light دکتر عباس عباس زاده

7. Introduction to medical ethics • Why is medical ethics important? دکتر عباس عباس زاده

8. Introduction to medical ethics • Ethical Theories: • Utilitarian (consequentialism) • Kantianism (deontology) • Virtue theory (narrative ethics) دکتر عباس عباس زاده

9. Introduction to medical ethics • Utilitarian (consequentialism) • Greatest good for the greatest number • Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) & John Stuart Mill (1806-73) • Outcomes are the most important of doing good • Good is defined in term of utility • Single principle = maximum utility دکتر عباس عباس زاده

10. Introduction to medical ethics • Kantianism (deontology) • Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) • A rule based ethical theory • The categorical impetrative is a unversalizability test • Moral rules are absolute that is they can’t be broken دکتر عباس عباس زاده

11. Introduction to medical ethics • Virtue theory (narrative ethics) • NeoAristotelians • Concentrates on character and motivation • Concerned with what is to be a good person rather than specific problems دکتر عباس عباس زاده

12. Introduction to medical ethics • The four Principles: • Autonomy • Beneficence • Non-maleficence • Justice دکتر عباس عباس زاده

13. Legal and moral rights • Legal rights are enshrined in legislation • Moral rights may not have an equivalent legal rights and some legal rights may not be moral rights • The most important legislation that deal with rights is the Human Rights Act 1998 from دکتر عباس عباس زاده

14. Legal and moral rights • Moral rights • Less easy to understand • Can be: • Negative rights • Positive rights دکتر عباس عباس زاده

15. Medical Law • Criminal / Civil law • Medical negligence • 1- duty of care • 2- Standard of care • 3- breach (نقض) • 4- Causation (تسبیب) • 5- Damage دکتر عباس عباس زاده

16. انواع ضمانت در رعایت اصول • قانون مجازات حکومتی • فقه عقوبت الهی • اخلاق عذاب وجدان دکتر عباس عباس زاده