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Osteichthyes - >27,000 bony fishes, 13,000 herps, 9000 birds, 4800 mammals

Osteichthyes - >27,000 bony fishes, 13,000 herps, 9000 birds, 4800 mammals . Bony Fish Characteristics– Endochondral bone. Bony operculum Covering gills. Extinct Antecedents Placoderms (Arthrodires). Neck Joint. Two major branches Of Osteichthyes Sarcopterygia Lung fish Fig 6-3

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Osteichthyes - >27,000 bony fishes, 13,000 herps, 9000 birds, 4800 mammals

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  1. Osteichthyes - >27,000 bony fishes, 13,000 herps, 9000 birds, 4800 mammals

  2. Bony Fish Characteristics– Endochondral bone Bony operculum Covering gills

  3. Extinct Antecedents Placoderms (Arthrodires) Neck Joint

  4. Two major branches • Of Osteichthyes • Sarcopterygia • Lung fish Fig 6-3 • Coelocanths Fig 6-4 • Tetrapods • Actinopterygia • Ray-finned fishes

  5. Trends in Actinopterygian Evolution Fig 6-2, 6-8 • Heavy body armor light overlapping scales • Ganoid scales cycloid, ctenoid Ctenoid

  6. 2) Heterocercal Homocercal tail Heterocercal tail of Paddlefish Homocercal tail of swordfish

  7. Gar Bowfin (Amia)

  8. 3) Development of gas/swim bladder for buoyancy Fig 4-3 Physostomous Physoclistous Ovale

  9. Are mammals on this cladogram? If so where? • What is the major difference between ostracoderms and placoderms? • For actinopterygians, what is the ancestral condition in terms of scale type and tail type? • Sharks maintain neutral buoyancy without a swim bladder. How? • What would you predict about the organs for maintaining neutral buoyancy in bottom-dwelling rays and actinopterygians? • If a physoclistous fish were swimming to deeper depths, what would the ovale of the swim bladder be doing?

  10. Evolution of protrusible jaws and pharyngeal jaws Fig 6-7

  11. Fig 6-7

  12. Evolution of protrusible jaws and pharyngeal jaws Scissors = gar Maxilla rotates out – trout Premaxilla slides out Protrusible tube Advantage??

  13. Sling-jaw Wrasse – Now that’s protrusible!

  14. Pharyngeal Jaws Advantage??

  15. Reproduction – most actinopterygians oviparous Marine- planktonic Freshwater & nest–guarding Marine - demersal

  16. Planktonic larvae of marine fish Note adaptations to blend in with plankton Or to avoid predation

  17. Fig 6-15

  18. Swimming and Actinopterygian fish “The gap between the swimming fish and the scientist is closing, but the fish is still well ahead” Lindsey 1978

  19. Swimming styles and swimming efficiency Fig 6-14, 6-15, 6-16 Anguilliform Carangiform Ostraciform

  20. Fig 6-13

  21. Fig 6-16 High inertial drag High Viscous drag

  22. Burst Speed Sustained Speed Pike

  23. Lobe Finned fishes - Sarcopterygia Actinopterygia Lungfish Coelocanth

  24. Aestivating African lungfish Australia Africa S. America

  25. Sketch sent to JLB Smith Marjorie Courtney-Latimer With the mounted S Africa specimen Oops! No internal organs or skeleton! 1938

  26. “I need a government plane!” JLB Smith and flight crew with 2nd coelocanth Smith sleeps with his prize

  27. The reward is presented

  28. 1997 - it happens again! on a honeymoon trip to Indonesia! See what paying attention in Vert Bio can do?

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