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Basic Sentence Parts

Basic Sentence Parts. Subjects Verbs Complements. What is a sentence?. A complete sentence has a subject and a verb AND expresses a complete thought. Every sentence must have a subject and a verb. What is a simple subject?.

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Basic Sentence Parts

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  1. Basic Sentence Parts Subjects Verbs Complements

  2. What is a sentence? • A complete sentence has a subject and a verb AND expresses a complete thought. • Every sentence must have a subject and a verb

  3. What is a simple subject? • The word or group of words that tells who or what the sentence is about • Always a noun or pronoun • Can be compound (more than one)

  4. What is a verb? • Also called the predicate • Tells what the subject does, what is done to the subject, or what the condition of the subject is • Can be action or linking • Can be a verb phrase: a helping verb followed by an action verb • Can be compound

  5. Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates • Complete subject • The subject and any words related to it (modifiers) • Complete predicate • The verb and any words related to it (objects, modifiers, etc.)

  6. The Complement • A word or group of words that completes the meaning of a sentence • May be a noun, pronoun, or adjective • Adverbs are NEVER complements • Complements are NEVER part of a prepositional phrase • Four types: direct object, indirect object, predicate nominative, predicate adjective

  7. The Direct Object • A noun or pronoun that follows an ACTION verb • Receives the action of the verb or shows the result of the action • Tells what or whom after the action verb • Can be compound • Never an adverb or in a prepositional phrase

  8. Steps for Finding a Direct Object • Find the subject. • Find the verb. Determine if it’s action or linking. • If it’s an action verb, ask “who” or “what” after the subject and verb. • The answer is the direct object.

  9. Example The dog carried the bone to its owner. Step 1: What is the subject? Dog Step 2: What is the verb? Carried Is it an action verb? Yes Step 3: The dog carried what? Bone Answer: Bone is the direct object.

  10. The Indirect Object • A noun or pronoun that comes after an action verb and before a direct object • Tells to who/what or for who/what • There CANNOT be an indirect object without a direct object • Can be compound • Never an adverb or in a prepositional phrase

  11. Steps for Finding an Indirect Object • Find the subject. • Find the verb. Determine if it’s action or linking. • If it’s an action verb, find the direct object by asking “who” or “what” after the subject and verb. • Next ask “to who or what” or “for who or what”. • The answer is the indirect object.

  12. Example The student gave her teacher the assignment. Step 1: What is the subject? Student Step 2: What is the verb? Gave Is it an action verb? Yes Step 3: The student gave what? Assignment (So assignment is the direct object.) Step 4: The student gave the assignment to whom? Teacher Answer: Teacher is the indirect object.

  13. Subject Complements • Subject complements follow LINKING verbs (remember that direct and indirect objects followed ACTION verbs) • Subject complements are nouns, pronouns, and adjectives that follow a linking verb and tell something about the subject

  14. Predicate Nominatives • Nouns or pronouns that follow linking verbs and rename or identify the subject • Called predicate nouns and predicate pronouns in your book • Linking verb acts as an equal sign between the subject and predicate nominative • Can be compound • Never in a prepositional phrase

  15. Predicate Adjectives • Follow linking verbs and describe/modify the subject of the sentence • Considered part of the predicate but does not describe words in the predicate • Can be compound • Never in a prepositional phrase

  16. Steps for Finding Subject Complements • Find the subject. • Find the verb. Determine if it’s action or linking. • If the verb is linking, find the word that renames or identifies the subject OR the word that describes the subject. • If the word is renaming or identifying the subject and it’s a noun or pronoun, it is a PN. If the word is describing the subject and it’s an adjective, it is a PA.

  17. The baby is cranky. Step 1: What is the subject? Baby Step 2: What is the verb? Is Is it action or linking? Linking Step 3: What word is renaming or describing the subject? Cranky Step 4: Is it a noun, pronoun, or adjective? Adjective Answer: Cranky is the predicate adjective.

  18. The baby is a boy. Step 1: What is the subject? Baby Step 2: What is the verb? Is Is it action or linking? Linking Step 3: What word is renaming or describing the subject? Boy Step 4: Is it a noun, pronoun, or adj? Noun Answer: Boy is the predicate nominative.

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