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Understanding Educational Research: Objectives, Categories, and Methods

This text explores the five major objectives of educational research: Exploration, Description, Explanation, Prediction, and Influence. It also delves into different categories of research such as Quantitative, Experimental, Correlation, Ex post facto, Survey, Developmental, and Case study, providing insights on how to choose the right approach based on the nature of questions being studied. The text also highlights the importance of Action Research in solving local practitioner problems. Understanding the typical stages in research from selecting a problem to reporting results is also emphasized.

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Understanding Educational Research: Objectives, Categories, and Methods

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  1. Research Methods in Education EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  2. Why Study Educational Research? EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  3. Objectives of Educational Research There are five major objectives of educational research. Exploration. This is done when you are trying to generate ideas about something. Description. This is done when you want to describe the characteristics of something or some phenomenon. Explanation. This is done when you want to show how and why a phenomenon operates as it does. If you are interested in causality, you are usually interested in explanation. Prediction. This is your objective when your primary interest is in making accurate predictions. Note that the advanced sciences make much more accurate predictions than the newer social and behavioral sciences. Influence. This objective is a little different. It involves the application of research results to impact the world. A demonstration program is an example of this. EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  4. EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  5. Categories of research EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  6. Which category of research to choose? • Nature of questions or problems being studied not preference for methods (some suitable for quantitative and some suitable for qualitative) • Suggestions: may use both to verify he findings of the other; as a groundwork for the other; explore different aspects of the same research questions EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  7. Quantitative EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  8. Experimental research • The most rigorous • Actually establish different treatment and study the effect • Result clear cut interpretation • Example: a history teacher may want to know how can he teach important concepts to his students? • He may compare two different approaches to teaching history EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  9. Correlation research • To establish relationship between two or more variables • Concurrent correlation studies • Relationship is drawn from the same point in study.Example: relationship between …. • Predictive correlation studies • Using one characteristics to predict the other.Example: use SPM grade to predict CGPA EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  10. Ex post facto • Also known as causal-comparative study • To determine the cause of the difference between two group of people when experimental research is not possible • Example to determine if family structure (single-two parent family) cause poor performance in education EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  11. Survey research • Purpose to explore and describe • Do not investigate relationship • Large sample • Slice of time EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  12. Developmental study • Trend study • Cohort study • Panel study • Data are gathered at several points in time EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  13. Case study • Involve small sample • Purpose similar to survey and trend studies • More depth • Direct observation or interviews • Single subject, a club, a school, a teenage gang • Also known as a type of qualitative research EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  14. Qualitative EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  15. Questions that educational researchers ask EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  16. Basic and Applied Research EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  17. Action Research Focuses on solving practitioner’s local problems. It is generally conducted by the practitioners after they have learned about the methods of research and research concepts that are discussed in your textbook. It is important to understand that action research is also a state of mind; for example, teachers who are action researchers are constantly observing their students for patterns and thinking about ways to improve instruction, classroom management, and so forth. EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  18. TYPICAL STAGES IN RESEARCH • Select a problem • Review literature • Design the research • Collect data • Analyze data • Interpret the findings • Report results EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

  19. EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR

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