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Quale informatica? Tecnica e metodologia

Quale informatica? Tecnica e metodologia. http://tfa.di.uniroma1.it Anna Labella. L’informatica una scienza sperimentale?. I calcolatori sono strumenti fisici I calcolatori sono la materializzazione del nostro pensiero L’informatica potrebbe esistere con calcolatori completamente diversi

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Quale informatica? Tecnica e metodologia

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  1. Quale informatica? Tecnica e metodologia http://tfa.di.uniroma1.it Anna Labella

  2. L’informatica una scienza sperimentale? I calcolatori sono strumenti fisici I calcolatori sono la materializzazione del nostro pensiero L’informatica potrebbe esistere con calcolatori completamente diversi ……. Cos’è l’informatica?

  3. Cos’è utile insegnare nella scuola? • Computer literacy • Programming skills • Applications like games, robots and simulations

  4. Cos’è utile insegnare nel TFA? • Ai futuri docenti non dobbiamo insegnare le basi né temi avanzati di informatica: le prime sono conosciute, i secondi non servono • Dobbiamo convincere i futuri insegnanti che l’informatica, come la matematica, è un metodo

  5. L’informatica: una disciplina particolare • Computational thinking • Problem solving • Interdisciplinarietà

  6. Il metodo informatico • L’informatica come disciplina, ma soprattutto come metodo nell’insegnamento. • Pensare come un informatico, anche prescindendo eventualmente dalla tecnologia. • sperimentazioni fatte nel mondo in questo senso. Astrazione ed automazione. • Il pensare informatico a confronto con il pensare matematico ed altri tipi di “pensiero” nell’educazione dei giovani del 21° secolo. • Il pensare informatico e l’interdisciplinarietà.

  7. Cos’è il Computational Thinking?

  8. Cos’è il Computational Thinking? Many adjectives describe modes of thinking: Abstract, analytic, conceptual, concrete, constructive, creative, critical, deductive, strategic, synthetic, tactical and… computational and procedural.

  9. J. WingMy Grand Vision for the Field Computational thinking will be a fundamental skill used by everyone in the world by the middle of the 21st Century. Just like reading, writing, and arithmetic. Imagine every child knowing how to think like a computer scientist! Incestuous: Computing and computers will enable the spread of computational thinking. In research: scientists, engineers, …, historians, artists In education: K-12 students and teachers, undergrads, … J.M. Wing, “Computational Thinking,”CACM Viewpoint, March 2006, pp. 33-35.http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~wing/

  10. Le dueA delCT

  11. La prima A del CT Abstractions are our “mental” tools The abstraction process includes Choosing the right abstractions Operating simultaneously at multiple layers of abstraction Defining the relationships the between layers

  12. La seconda Adel CT The power of our “mental” tools is amplified by our “metal” tools. Automation is mechanizing our abstractions, abstraction layers, and their relationships Mechanization is possible due to precise and exacting notations and models There is some “computer” below (human or machine, virtual or physical)

  13. Le due A combinate Computing is the automation of our abstractions They give us the audacity and ability to scale. Computational thinking choosing the right abstractions, etc. choosing the right “computer” for the task

  14. David Moursung : Introduction to problem solving in the information age http//uoregon.edu/˜moursund/dave/index.html Il Problem solving

  15. Cos’è il problem solving?

  16. Critical thinking

  17. Quale matematica nel 21° secolo? La relazione tra matematica e informatica Prof. Madhu Sudan - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

  18. Cos’è la matematica? Temi Metafore Linguaggio Rigore

  19. Temi Geometria Aritmetica Algebra Combinatoria Calcolo Infinitesimale Probabilità ….

  20. Perché non ? Musica Astronomia Calcolo Logica …….

  21. Una scorsa storica

  22. Schema

  23. Matematica

  24. Divisione su abaco divisore 6 4 dividendo 5 4 9 5 4 9 549 : 6 2 4 1 2 6 2 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 resto 1 2 1 5 9 3 5 6 2 2 quotiente 1 1 1 1 91

  25. Rythmomachia (XI sec.) ?????? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81

  26. Musica Labella,A. and Scozzafava, C.: Music and algorithms: a historical perspective. Studi Musicali Volume: 32 Issue: 1 (2003-01-01) p.3-25. ISSN: 0391-7789

  27. Canone infinito 1* 2 3* 4 5* 6* 7 8* 9 2 1* 2 3* 4 5* 6* 7 8* 3* 2 1* 2 3* 4 5* 6* 7 4 3* 2 1* 2 3* 4 5* 6* 5* 4 3* 2 1* 2 3* 4 5* 6* 5* 4 3* 2 1* 2 3* 4 7 6* 5* 4 3* 2 1* 2 3* 8* 7 6* 5* 4 3* 2 1* 2 9 8* 7 6* 5* 4 3* 2 1* 1 2 3 1 3 4 5 5 1 2 3 1 3 4 5 5

  28. Canone cancrizzante e inverso 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 1 7 1 1 7 1 6 7 5 4 3 2 1

  29. Canone Mensurale h(n) ≈ h(q n -i) 0≤ i ≤ q-1 5 3 2 3 3 2 7 5 5 8 8 3 5 1 5 8 8 1 6 6 10 6 1 6 7 4 7 10 8 9 6 5 5 6 6 4

  30. Indovinelli

  31. Alcuino di York

  32. Problema 26: Ilcane e la volpe Un cane insegue una volpe che è 150 piedi più avanti di lui. La lepre fasalti di di 7 piedi, il cane di 9. Dopo quanti salti il cane raggiunge la lepre? In 75 salti, cioè 150:2

  33. The computational attitude: algorithms

  34. An algorithm is a step-by-step set of directions guaranteed to achieve a task, which may be to solve a particular problem, in a finite number of steps. http://iae-pedia.org/Computational_Thinking#Computational_and_Procedural_Thinking

  35. A heuristic is like an algorithm except that accomplishment of a specific task or solution of a specific problem is not guaranteed.

  36. Algorithms and computers

  37. A computer is a machine that can automatically, rapidly, and accurately carries out the steps in certain types of procedures. Computer programmers think in terms of solving problems and accomplishing tasks through the use of procedures.

  38. Attenzione al linguaggio

  39. Language and philosophy Sophists and philosophers

  40. Language and mathematics Mathematical rigor

  41. The discovery of “languages” Wittgenstein: linguistical games

  42. The “analogy” Transfer cocepts and methods from one language to another one: useful, but very dangerous!!!

  43. Scientifical languages(and others) • "Measuring" the diagonal of the square • Establish the following "equations": • Fe +H2SO4 = FeSO4 +H2 • Cu +H2SO4 = CuSO4 +H2

  44. Denotational antinomy • 343 is 73 • 343 is three-digit • 73 is three-digit

  45. A logic for every language (also in computer science) Axioms and rules

  46. la comunicazione diretta DIRETTA LINGUAGGIO CORPOREO ODORARE PARLARE SEGNI SUONARE

  47. la comunicazione mediata In modo tradizionale SUONI TESTO IMMAGINI SCRITTURA DISEGNO RIPRODUZIONE ANALOGICA

  48. la comunicazione mediata via computer SUONI TESTO IMMAGINI ANALISI SINTESI INTERPRETAZIONE. Visual SCENE Scientific PR & IP Programming ANALYSIS Visualization Algo Animation Spreadsheet SW Visualization OCR DOCUMENT Code Animation Visual IMAGE Process Visual Query Systems Languages Environment Dev. Visualization Data Animation

  49. la comunicazione mediata via computer SUONI TESTO IMMAGINI ANALISI SINTESI INTERPRETAZIONE. Visual SCENE Scientific PR & IP Programming ANALYSIS Visualization Algo Animation Spreadsheet SW Visualization OCR DOCUMENT Code Animation Visual IMAGE Process Visual Query Systems Languages Environment Dev. Visualization Data Animation

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