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Introduction to Grid Computing with High Performance Computing

Introduction to Grid Computing with High Performance Computing. Mike Griffiths White Rose Grid e-Science Centre of Excellence. Outline. Introduction High Performance Grid Computing e-Science The Evolving Grid The Local Compute Node Iceberg Registration. Objectives.

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Introduction to Grid Computing with High Performance Computing

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  1. Introduction to Grid Computing with High Performance Computing Mike Griffiths White Rose Grid e-Science Centre of Excellence

  2. Outline • Introduction • High Performance Grid Computing • e-Science • The Evolving Grid • The Local Compute Node Iceberg • Registration

  3. Objectives • What is grid computing? • How the grid assists with problem solving lifecycle • Identify and Explain Buzzwords • Remove Hype

  4. Problem solving lifecycle • Problem definition and requirements capture • Model development • Languages (FORTRAN, C, C++, Java etc.) • Model Building SDK’s • Matlab and clones • Packages (ANSYS, FLUENT, CFX)

  5. Problem solving lifecycle • Problem solving environment • specialized software for solving one class of problems • Application user interface, portal • Model testing • Validation, verification • Results production • Scheduling tasks over the grid • Analysis and Visualisation

  6. Grid Technologies

  7. Grid Technologies • Simulation of large complex systems • Large scale multi site data mining, distributed data sets • Shared virtual reality • Interactive collaboration • Real-time access to remote resources.

  8. What Is Grid Computing • Virtualisation of resource • Increase processing power • Secure and flexible collaboration • The Grid Problem

  9. Electric Power Generation Analogy Access to Information Grid Customer Information Generators Information Distributed Over the Grid

  10. Pcwebopedia.com • A form of networking. Unlike conventional networks that focus on communication among devices, grid computing harnesses unused processing cycles of all computers in a network for solving problems too intensive for any stand-alone machine.

  11. IBM Definition • Grid computing enables the virtualization of distributed computing and data resources such as processing, network bandwidth and storage capacity to create a single system image, granting users and applications seamless access to vast IT capabilities. Just as an Internet user views a unified instance of content via the Web, a grid user essentially sees a single, large virtual computer.

  12. Sun Microsystems • Grid Computing is a computing infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and inexpensive access to computational capabilities.

  13. “The Grid Problem” • “Grid problem,” flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and resources—what we refer to as virtual organizations. • From “The Anatomy of the Grid” by Foster, Kesselman and Tuecke.

  14. Virtual Organisations

  15. Grid Characteristics Computing - Tflops The Grid Networks – High Bandwidth Data storage Peta byte

  16. Types of Grids • Cluster Grid • Beowulf clusters • Enterprise Grid, Campus Grid, Intra-Grid • Departmental clusters, • servers and PC network • Utility Grid • Access resources over internet on demand • Global Grid, Inter-grid • White Rose Grid, National Grid Service, Particle physics data grid

  17. Three Uses of Grid Computing • Compute grids • Data grids • Collaborative grids

  18. Distributed Supercomputing • Compute Clusters • Schedulers sun grid engine, pbs • Grid aggregates computational resources to compute large complex problems • Fast networks enabling true parallel computation and shared memory processing • Select compute resources according to Time and Financial constraints

  19. Architectures for High Performance Computing • Supercluster • e.g. Blue Gene (65536 dual processors in 64 cabinets) • Clusters • e.g. iceberg • Parallel applications using MPI • Symmetric multiprocessors • e.g. 4 processor shared memory V40 node on iceberg • Shared memory programming Open MP • Vector Processor • E.g Amdhal VP at MCC (80’s and 90’s)

  20. High Throughput Applications • Problems divided into many tasks • Grid schedules tasks • Seti@home • The mother of @home projects • Spin off for companies such as Entropia and United Devices • Other @home projects • Folding@home, fightAIDS@home, Xpulsar@home • Condor • Cycle scavenging from spare PC’s

  21. Statistics for SETI at Home (13/09/2004)

  22. SETI@home’s Most Promising Candidates

  23. Engine flight data London Airport Airline New York Airport Grid Diagnostics centre Maintenance Centre American data center European data center Grid TypesData Grid • Computing Network stores large volume of data across network • Heterogeneous data sources

  24. Grid Types - Collaborative • Internet videoconferencing • Collaborative Visualisation

  25. e-Science • More science relies on computational experiments • More large, geographically disparate, collaborative projects • More need to share/lease resources • Compute power, datasets, instruments, visualization

  26. e-Science Centres Centres of Excellence Regional Centres

  27. e-Science Organisations • National e-Science Centre • To stimulate and sustain the development of e-Science in the UK, to contribute significantly to its international development and to ensure that its techniques are rapidly propagated to commerce and industry. • Open Middleware Infrastructure Institute • Repository for UK Grid Middleware

  28. e-Science Requirements • Simple and secure access to remote resources across administrative domains • Minimally disruptive to local administration policies and users • Large set of resources used by a single computation • Adapt to non-static configuration of resources

  29. The Evolving Grid

  30. Comprising of two data clusters and two compute clusters. • Offer a significant resource for the UK e-Science community. • Clusters are located at • Manchester (data cluster), • Oxford (compute cluster), • CCLRC (data cluster) and • White Rose Grid (compute cluster). • More sites • Lancaster • Wesc • Bristol

  31. EGEE • The EGEE project brings together experts from over 27 countries • Build on recent advances in Grid technology. • Developing a service Grid infrastructure in Europe, • available to scientists 24 hours-a-day.

  32. Available Grid Services • Access Grid • White Rose Grid • Grid research • HPC Service • National Grid Service • Compute Grid • Data Grid (SRB) • National HPC Services • HPCx and CSAR (part of NGS) • Portal Services

  33. Sheffield Grid Node: Hardware • AMD based supplied by Sun Microsystems • Processors: 320 • Performance: 300GFLOPs • Main Memory: 800GB • Filestore: 9TB • Temporary disk space: 10TB • Physical size: 8 racks • Power usage: 50KW

  34. Sheffield Grid Node: Hardware,part 2 • 160 Processors Grid pp community • 160 Processors General Use • 20 x V40 each with 4x64 bit AMD Opteron (2.4GHz) and 16GB shared main memory. • 40 x V20 each with 2x64 bit AMD Opteron (2.4 GHz) and 4GB shared main memory • Comparing L2 Cash • AMD Opteron 1MB • Ultrac sparc III Cu (Titania) 8MB

  35. Sheffield Grid Node: Hardware, part 3 Inside a V20 unit.

  36. Sheffield Grid Node: Hardware 4 • Two main Interconnect types gigabit (commodity), Myrinet (more specialist) • Gigabit – Supported as standard good for job farms, and small to mid size systems • Myrinet – High End solution for large parallel applications has become defacto standard for clusters (4Gb/s)

  37. Sheffield Grid Node: Hardware • 64bit v 32 bit • Mainly useful for programs requiring large memory – available on bigmem nodes • Greater Floating Point accuracy • Future-proof: 32-bit systems are becoming obselete in HPC

  38. Sheffield Grid Node: Software 1 Ganglia DDT Portland, GNU Sun Grid Engine v6 Redhat 64bit Scientific Linux MPICH Opteron

  39. Sheffield Grid Node: Software 2 • Maths and Statistical • Matlab7.0, scilab 3.1 • R+ 2.0.1 • Engineering and Finite Element • Fluent 6.2.16, 6.1.25 and 6.1.22 als gambit, fidap and tgrid • Ansys v90 • Abaqus • CFX 5.7.1 • DYNA 91a • Visualisation • IDL 6.1 • OpenDX

  40. Sheffield Grid Node: Software 3 • Development • MPI, MPICH-gm • OpenMP • Nag, 20 • ACML • Grid • Globus 2.4.3 (via gpt 3.0) • SRB s-client tools to follow

  41. Registration • Local User Account • Obtain an e-Science Certificate • Register with the White Rose Grid • Apply for NGS Resource Go to the link http://www.shef.ac.uk/wrgrid/access/index.html

  42. Why obtain an e-Science Certificate • Enables secure single sign on to the White Rose Grid • Use portals e.g. the WRG Application portal • Access WRG, NGS, egee

  43. For More Information • The White Rose Grid • www.wrgrid.org.uk • The National e-Science Centre • www.nesc.ac.uk • The Globus Project™ • www.globus.org • Global Grid Forum • www.gridforum.org

  44. Grid Computing References • The Grid: Computing Without Bounds • Ian Foster, Scientific American, April 2003. • “The Anatomy of the Grid” • http://www.globus.org/research/papers/anatomy.pdf • Grid Services – “The Physiology of the Grid” • http://www.gridforum.org/ogsi-wg/drafts/ogsa_draft2.9_2002-06-22.pdf • Research Agenda for the Semantic Grid • http://www.semanticgrid.org/v1.9/semgrid.pdf

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