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And The Korean War

And The Korean War. Truman and Containment. Lecture 1. Standard 11.9.2. Understand the role of military alliances including NATO and SEATO in deterring communist aggression and maintaining security during the Cold War.

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And The Korean War

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  1. And The Korean War Truman and Containment Lecture 1

  2. Standard 11.9.2 • Understand the role of military alliances including NATO and SEATO in deterring communist aggression and maintaining security during the Cold War. • Essential Question: What 3 events proved that the US was determined to stop the spread of Communism?

  3. “I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.” -Albert Einstein

  4. Iron Curtain • USA V. USSR for WORLD DOMINATION • Satellite States • Soviet troops remained in Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East to “help” restore government order • Buffer Zone • Iron Curtain • communication and travel between eastern and western Europe stopped • Berlin = representation of the division between East and West

  5. Iron Curtain

  6. Capitalism V. Socialism • capitalism v. socialism • the government decided what to make and how much to make • shortages, starvation, and a weak economy • little incentive to work or achieve

  7. Democracy V. Totalitarianism • democracy v. totalitarianism • Soviets did not allow freedom of expression (speech, press or religion) • “Big Brother is watching” • Confessional Arrests

  8. Truman Doctrine • Truman Doctrine, 1947 • Communists might take over Greece and Turkey • Truman promised financial or economic aid to any European nation threatened by communism • Pick a Side: USA or USSR • Containment • Domino Theory

  9. Marshall Plan • Marshall Plan, 1947 • the US sent $12.5 billion in aid to help western Europe rebuild

  10. Berlin Airlift • Berlin Airlift, 1948 • Stalin closed Berlin to the West • hoped to starve out western Berlin • Supplies airlifted to West Berlin daily for 231 days • 277,264 flights in 231 days • 2,250,000 tons of goods including food and coal • 300 tons per day

  11. NATO and Warsaw • North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1949 • 12 Western European nations and the US formed alliance to check communist expansion • Greece and Turkey joined in 1952 • West Germany joined in 1955 • Warsaw Pact, 1950 • USSR and allies formed their own “NATO” in Poland

  12. SEATO • South-East Asian Treaty Organization, 1954 • sought containment in Asia, it dissolved in 1977 • 8 nations joined—Australia, Britain, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and the US • showed growing commitment by the US to fight communism http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjkRodaD1Xs&safe=active

  13. Jieshi V. Zedong • Jiang Jieshi v. Mao Zedong • China “fell” to communism under Mao in 1949 • China and USSR became allies • Americans felt that containment was failing • Jiang Jieshi and the National government fled to Taiwan

  14. Communists in North Korea Supported by China/Soviet Union- invades South Korea (1950) Capitalists in South Korea- supported by US sent General MacArthur in to lead the UN troops after Northern Communists invaded Communist Capitalist MacArthur calls for nuclear attack~ Fired

  15. 38th Parallel • 38th Parallel • North Korea = Communist • South Korea = Capitalist • the UN established division at the 38th parallel • North Korea invaded South Korea • the Senate consented to send US troops under the UN to prevent the “domino effect” • Douglas MacArthur named UN commander

  16. June 1950 July 1950 Sept. 1950 June 1951

  17. Limited War Truman ordered MacArthur to hold 38th parallel but not to advance past it Nukes MacArthur publicly criticized Truman’s “limited war” Truman fired MacArthur “the wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy” General MacArthur Limited War

  18. The DMZ • Demilitarized Zone, 1953 • a cease fire was signed between North Korea and the US under Eisenhower • South Korea did not sign it • technically, they are still at war • no army may occupy the border between the two Koreas • both nations and the US have troops stationed at the edge of the DMZ

  19. North Korea = Communist Kim IL Sung emphasized self-reliance Kept N. Korea isolated and poor Glorified “Great Leader” Propaganda South Korea = Capitalist Syngman Rhee Middle class prospered Direct Elections held Successful transition into democracy Two Very Different Koreas

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