Drug-induced Urticaria

1. Drug-induced Urticaria How often is it?

2. Drug-induced Urticaria How often is it? What does it look like?

3. Drug-induced Urticaria How often is it? What does it look like? What does it not look like?

4. Drug-induced Urticaria How often is it? What does it look like? What does it not look like? What drugs can do it?

5. Drug-induced Urticaria How often is it? What does it look like? What does it not look like? What drugs can do it? Which ones most often?

6. Drug-induced Urticaria How often is it? What does it look like? What does it not look like? What drugs can do it? Which ones most often? Which urticaria do drugs induce?

7. Drug-induced Urticaria How often is it? What does it look like? What does it not look like? What drugs can do it? Which ones most often? Which urticaria do drugs induce? How do they do it?

8. Drug-induced Urticaria How often is it? What does it look like? What does it not look like? What drugs can do it? Which ones most often? Which urticaria do drugs induce? How do they do it? What is its relevance?

9. Drug-induced cutaneous adverse reactions (CAR) CARs are most common adverse events attributed to drugs. 1 of 50 patients will experience a drug-induced CAR. 1 of 8 patients with a drug-induced CAR develops Urticaria. Urticaria is the third most common drug-induced CAR.

10. Drug-induced cutaneous adverse reactions (CAR) CARs are most common adverse events attributed to drugs. 1 of 50 patients will experience a drug-induced CAR. 1 of 8 patients with a drug-induced CAR develops Urticaria. Urticaria is the third most common drug-induced CAR.

11. Drug-induced cutaneous adverse reactions (CAR) CARs are most common adverse events attributed to drugs. 1 of 50 patients will experience a drug-induced CAR. 1 of 8 patients with a drug-induced CAR develops Urticaria. Urticaria is the third most common drug-induced CAR.

12. Drug-induced cutaneous adverse reactions (CAR) CARs are most common adverse events attributed to drugs. 1 of 50 patients will experience a drug-induced CAR. 1 of 8 patients with a drug-induced CAR develops Urticaria Urticaria is the third most common drug-induced CAR.

13. Drug-induced Urticaria – clinical features Generalised wheal and flare Angioedema

14. Drug-induced Urticaria – clinical features Severe pruritus Several hours Burning, painful sensation Several days

15. Drug-induced Urticaria vs. other CARs Maculopapular rash Urticaria

16. Drug-induced Urticaria vs. other CARs Within minutes to 24 h Sometimes respiratory compromise Within 3 days to 3 weeks Sometimes fever, malaise, lymphadenopahty

17. Drug-induced Urticaria vs. other CARs Wheals Macules ± Papules

18. Drug-induced Urticaria Urticaria skin reactions can be induced by a total of 468 drugs. ACARBOSE ACEBUTOLOL ACETAMINOPHEN ACETAZOLAMIDE ACETOHEXAMIDE ACETYLCYSTEINE ACITRETIN ACYCLOVIR ALBENDAZOLE ALBUTEROL ALDESLEUKIN ALEFACEPT ALEMTUZUMAB ALFENTANIL ALLOPURINOL ALPRAZOLAM ALPROSTADIL ALTEPLASE AMANTADINE AMIKACIN AMILORIDE AMINOCAPROIC ACID AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AMINOPHYLLINE AMINOSALICYLATE SODIUM AMIODARONE AMITRIPTYLINE AMLODIPINE AMOBARBITAL AMOXAPINE AMOXICILLIN AMPHOTERICIN B AMPICILLIN ANAGRELIDE ANISINDIONE ANISTREPLASE ANTHRAX VACCINE APREPITANT APROBARBITAL APROTININ ARIPIPRAZOLE ARSENIC ASPARAGINASE ASPARTAME ASPIRIN ATAZANAVIR ATENOLOL ATOMOXETINE ATORVASTATIN ATRACURIUM ATROPINE SULFATE AZATADINE AZATHIOPRINE AZITHROMYCIN AZTREONAM BACAMPICILLIN BACLOFEN BENACTYZINE BENAZEPRIL BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE BENZPHETAMINE BENZTHIAZIDE BENZTROPINE BETAXOLOL BIPERIDEN BISACODYL BISOPROLOL BLEOMYCIN BOTULINUM TOXIN (A & B) BRINZOLAMIDE BROMOCRIPTINE BUMETANIDE BUPROPION BUSPIRONE BUSULFAN BUTABARBITAL BUTALBITAL BUTORPHANOL CAFFEINE CALCITONIN CAPSICUM CAPTOPRIL CARAWAY CARBAMAZEPINE CARBENICILLIN CARBOPLATIN CARISOPRODOL CEFACLOR CEFADROXIL CEFAMANDOLE CEFAZOLIN CEFDINIR CEFDITOREN CEFEPIME CEFIXIME CEFMETAZOLE CEFONICID CEFOPERAZONE CEFOTAXIME CEFOTETAN CEFOXITIN CEFPODOXIME CEFPROZIL CEFTAZIDIME CEFTIBUTEN CEFTIZOXIME CEFTRIAXONE CEFUROXIME CELECOXIB CEPHALEXIN CEPHALOTHIN CEPHAPIRIN CEPHRADINE CETIRIZINE CHASTEBERRY CHLORAL HYDRATE CHLORAMBUCIL CHLORAMPHENICOL CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE CHLORHEXIDINE CHLORMEZANONE CHLOROQUINE CHLOROTHIAZIDE CHLOROTRIANISENE CHLORPROMAZINE CHLORPROPAMIDE CHLORTHALIDONE CHLORZOXAZONE CHOLESTYRAMINE CIDOFOVIR CILOSTAZOL CIMETIDINE CINOXACIN CIPROFLOXACIN CISPLATIN CITALOPRAM CLARITHROMYCIN CLEMASTINE CLIDINIUM CLINDAMYCIN CLOFAZIMINE CLOFIBRATE CLOMIPHENE CLOMIPRAMINE CLONAZEPAM CLONIDINE CLOPIDOGREL CLORAZEPATE CLOTRIMAZOLE CLOXACILLIN CLOZAPINE CO-TRIMOXAZOLE COCAINE CODEINE COLCHICINE COLESTIPOL COLLAGEN CORTICOSTEROIDS CROMOLYN CYANOCOBALAMIN CYCLAMATE CYCLOBENZAPRINE CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE CYCLOSERINE CYCLOSPORINE CYCLOTHIAZIDE CYPROHEPTADINE CYTARABINE DACARBAZINE DACTINOMYCIN DANAZOL DANTROLENE DAPSONE DARBEPOETIN ALFA DAUNORUBICIN DEFEROXAMINE DELAVIRDINE DEMECLOCYCLINE DENILEUKIN DESIPRAMINE DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE DEXTROAMPHETAMINE DIAZEPAM DIAZOXIDE DICLOFENAC DICLOXACILLIN DICUMAROL DICYCLOMINE DIDANOSINE DIETHYLPROPION DIETHYLSTILBESTROL DIFLUNISAL DIGOXIN DILTIAZEM DIMENHYDRINATE DIPHENHYDRAMINE DIPHENOXYLATE DIPYRIDAMOLE DIRITHROMYCIN DISOPYRAMIDE DISULFIRAM DOCETAXEL DOLASETRON DOMPERIDONE DONEPEZIL DOPAMINE DOXACURIUM DOXAZOSIN DOXEPIN DOXORUBICIN DOXYCYCLINE ECHINACEA EDROPHONIUM EFAVIRENZ ELETRIPTAN ENALAPRIL ENOXACIN ENOXAPARIN EPHEDRINE EPINEPHRINE EPIRUBICIN EPOETIN ALFA ERTAPENEM ERYTHROMYCIN ESMOLOL ESOMEPRAZOLE ESTAZOLAM ESTRAMUSTINE ESTROGENS ETANERCEPT ETHACRYNIC ACID ETHAMBUTOL ETHCHLORVYNOL ETHIONAMIDE ETHOSUXIMIDE ETIDRONATE ETODOLAC ETOPOSIDE FAMOTIDINE FELBAMATE FELODIPINE FENOFIBRATE FENOPROFEN FENTANYL FINASTERIDE FLAVOXATE FLECAINIDE FLUCONAZOLE FLUCYTOSINE FLUMAZENIL FLUOROURACIL FLUOXETINE FLUOXYMESTERONE FLUPHENAZINE FLURAZEPAM FLURBIPROFEN FLUTAMIDE FLUVASTATIN FLUVOXAMINE FOLIC ACID FORMOTEROL FOSCARNET FOSINOPRIL FURAZOLIDONE FUROSEMIDE GABAPENTIN GANCICLOVIR GARLIC GATIFLOXACIN GEMFIBROZIL GEMIFLOXACIN GENTAMICIN GLATIRAMER GLIMEPIRIDE GLIPIZIDE GLUCAGON GLYBURIDE GLYCOPYRROLATE GOLD and GOLD COMPOUNDS GOSERELIN GRANISETRON GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR (GCSF) GREPAFLOXACIN GRISEOFULVIN GUANETHIDINE GUANFACINE HALOPERIDOL HALOTHANE HENNA HEPARIN HEPATITIS B VACCINE HEROIN HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE HYDROCODONE HYDROFLUMETHIAZIDE HYDROMORPHONE HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE HYDROXYUREA HYDROXYZINE HYOSCYAMINE IBRITUMOMAB IBUPROFEN IDARUBICIN IMIPENEM/CILASTATIN IMIPRAMINE INDAPAMIDE INDINAVIR INDOMETHACIN INFLIXIMAB INSULIN INTERFERON BETA 1-A INTERFERON BETA-1B INTERFERONS, ALFA-2 IPODATE IPRATROPIUM IRBESARTAN ISONIAZID ISOPROTERENOL ISOTRETINOIN ISRADIPINE ITRACONAZOLE IVERMECTIN KANAMYCIN KETOCONAZOLE KETOPROFEN KETOROLAC LABETALOL LAMIVUDINE LAMOTRIGINE LANSOPRAZOLE LEFLUNOMIDE LEUCOVORIN LEUPROLIDE LEVAMISOLE LEVOBUNOLOL LEVOBUPIVACAINE LEVODOPA LEVOFLOXACIN LEVOTHYROXINE LIDOCAINE LINCOMYCIN LINDANE LIOTHYRONINE LISINOPRIL LITHIUM LOMEFLOXACIN LOPERAMIDE LORACARBEF LORATADINE LORAZEPAM LOSARTAN LOVASTATIN LOXAPINE MAPROTILINE MARIHUANA MAZINDOL MEBENDAZOLE MECHLORETHAMINE MECLIZINE MECLOFENAMATE MEDROXYPROGESTERONE MEFENAMIC ACID MEFLOQUINE MELOXICAM MELPHALAN MEPERIDINE MEPHENYTOIN MEPHOBARBITAL MEPROBAMATE MERCAPTOPURINE MESALAMINE MESNA MESORIDAZINE METAXALONE METFORMIN METHADONE METHAMPHETAMINE METHANTHELINE METHAZOLAMIDE METHENAMINE METHICILLIN METHIMAZOLE METHOCARBAMOL METHOHEXITAL METHOTREXATE METHOXSALEN METHSUXIMIDE METHYCLOTHIAZIDE METHYLDOPA METHYLPHENIDATE METHYLTESTOSTERONE METHYSERGIDE METOCLOPRAMIDE METOLAZONE METOPROLOL METRONIDAZOLE MEXILETINE MEZLOCILLIN MICONAZOLE MIDAZOLAM MILK THISTLE MINOCYCLINE MINOXIDIL MITOMYCIN MITOTANE MITOXANTRONE MOEXIPRIL MONTELUKAST MORICIZINE MOXIFLOXACIN NABUMETONE NADOLOL NAFARELIN NAFCILLIN NALBUPHINE NALIDIXIC ACID NALOXONE NAPROXEN NARATRIPTAN NEFAZODONE NELFINAVIR NEOMYCIN NIACIN NICARDIPINE NICOTINE NIFEDIPINE NISOLDIPINE NITROFURANTOIN NITROGLYCERIN NIZATIDINE NORFLOXACIN NORTRIPTYLINE NYSTATIN OCTREOTIDE OFLOXACIN OLANZAPINE OLSALAZINE OMEPRAZOLE ONDANSETRON ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ORPHENADRINE OXACILLIN OXALIPLATIN OXAPROZIN OXAZEPAM OXYBUTYNIN OXYCODONE OXYTETRACYCLINE PACLITAXEL PANTOPRAZOLE PANTOTHENIC ACID PAPAVERINE PAROXETINE PEG-INTERFERON ALFA-2B PEGFILGRASTIM PENICILLAMINE PENICILLINS PENTAGASTRIN PENTAMIDINE PENTAZOCINE PENTOBARBITAL PENTOSAN PENTOSTATIN PENTOXIFYLLINE PERGOLIDE PERPHENAZINE PHENDIMETRAZINE PHENELZINE PHENINDAMINE PHENOBARBITAL PHENOLPHTHALEIN PHENTERMINE PHENYTOIN PHYTONADIONE PILOCARPINE PIMOZIDE PINDOLOL PIPECURONIUM PIPERACILLIN PIROXICAM POLYTHIAZIDE POTASSIUM IODIDE PRAVASTATIN PRAZEPAM PRAZIQUANTEL PRAZOSIN PRIMAQUINE PRIMIDONE PROBENECID PROCAINAMIDE PROCARBAZINE PROCHLORPERAZINE PROCYCLIDINE PROGESTINS PROMAZINE PROMETHAZINE PROPAFENONE PROPANTHELINE PROPOFOL PROPOXYPHENE PROPRANOLOL PROPYLTHIOURACIL PROTAMINE PROTAMINE SULFATE PROTRIPTYLINE PSEUDOEPHEDRINE PSORALENS PYRAZINAMIDE PYRILAMINE PYRIMETHAMINE QUAZEPAM QUINACRINE QUINAPRIL QUINESTROL QUINETHAZONE QUINIDINE QUININE QUINUPRISTIN/DALFOPRISTIN RABEPRAZOLE RAMIPRIL RANITIDINE RAPACURONIUM RESERPINE RIBAVIRIN RIBOFLAVIN RIFABUTIN RIFAMPIN RIFAPENTINE RISPERIDONE RITODRINE RITONAVIR RITUXIMAB RIVASTIGMINE ROFECOXIB ROPINIROLE SACCHARIN SALMETEROL SALSALATE SAQUINAVIR SCOPOLAMINE SECOBARBITAL SECRETIN SERMORELIN SERTRALINE SILDENAFIL SIMVASTATIN SMALLPOX VACCINE SOTALOL SPARFLOXACIN SPECTINOMYCIN SPIRONOLACTONE STANOZOLOL STREPTOKINASE STREPTOMYCIN SUCCINYLCHOLINE SUCRALFATE SUFENTANIL SULFADIAZINE SULFADOXINE SULFAMETHOXAZOLE SULFASALAZINE SULFISOXAZOLE SULINDAC SUMATRIPTAN TACRINE TACROLIMUS TAMOXIFEN TARTRAZINE TEMAZEPAM TENECTEPLASE TERBINAFINE TERBUTALINE TERFENADINE TESTOSTERONE TETRACYCLINE THALIDOMIDE THIABENDAZOLE THIAMINE THIMEROSAL THIOPENTAL THIORIDAZINE THIOTEPA THIOTHIXENE TIAGABINE TICARCILLIN TICLOPIDINE TIMOLOL TINZAPARIN TIOPRONIN TIROFIBAN TIZANIDINE TOBRAMYCIN TOLAZAMIDE TOLAZOLINE TOLBUTAMIDE TOLCAPONE TOLMETIN TOPIRAMATE TORSEMIDE TRAMADOL TRANYLCYPROMINE TRAZODONE TRIAMTERENE TRIAZOLAM TRICHLORMETHIAZIDE TRIFLUOPERAZINE TRIHEXYPHENIDYL TRIMEPRAZINE TRIMETHADIONE TRIMIPRAMINE TRIPELENNAMINE TRIPROLIDINE TROLEANDOMYCIN TROVAFLOXACIN UROFOLLITROPIN UROKINASE URSODIOL VALDECOXIB VALPROIC ACID VALSARTAN VANCOMYCIN VASOPRESSIN VENLAFAXINE VERAPAMIL VERTEPORFIN VINBLASTINE VINCRISTINE VITAMIN E VORICONAZOLE WARFARIN YARROW ZALCITABINE ZANAMIVIR ZIDOVUDINE ZIPRASIDONE ZOLMITRIPTAN ZOLPIDEM ZONISAMIDE

19. ACARBOSE ACEBUTOLOL ACETAMINOPHEN ACETAZOLAMIDE ACETOHEXAMIDE ACETYLCYSTEINE ACITRETIN ACYCLOVIR ALBENDAZOLE ALBUTEROL ALDESLEUKIN ALEFACEPT ALEMTUZUMAB ALFENTANIL ALLOPURINOL ALPRAZOLAM ALPROSTADIL ALTEPLASE AMANTADINE AMIKACIN AMILORIDE AMINOCAPROIC ACID AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AMINOPHYLLINE AMINOSALICYLATE SODIUM AMIODARONE AMITRIPTYLINE AMLODIPINE AMOBARBITAL AMOXAPINE AMOXICILLIN AMPHOTERICIN B AMPICILLIN ANAGRELIDE ANISINDIONE ANISTREPLASE ANTHRAX VACCINE APREPITANT APROBARBITAL APROTININ ARIPIPRAZOLE ARSENIC ASPARAGINASE ASPARTAME ASPIRIN ATAZANAVIR ATENOLOL ATOMOXETINE ATORVASTATIN ATRACURIUM ATROPINE SULFATE AZATADINE AZATHIOPRINE AZITHROMYCIN AZTREONAM BACAMPICILLIN BACLOFEN BENACTYZINE BENAZEPRIL BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE BENZPHETAMINE BENZTHIAZIDE BENZTROPINE BETAXOLOL BIPERIDEN BISACODYL BISOPROLOL BLEOMYCIN BOTULINUM TOXIN (A & B) BRINZOLAMIDE BROMOCRIPTINE BUMETANIDE BUPROPION BUSPIRONE BUSULFAN BUTABARBITAL BUTALBITAL BUTORPHANOL CAFFEINE CALCITONIN CAPSICUM CAPTOPRIL CARAWAY CARBAMAZEPINE CARBENICILLIN CARBOPLATIN CARISOPRODOL CEFACLOR CEFADROXIL CEFAMANDOLE CEFAZOLIN CEFDINIR CEFDITOREN CEFEPIME CEFIXIME CEFMETAZOLE CEFONICID CEFOPERAZONE CEFOTAXIME CEFOTETAN CEFOXITIN CEFPODOXIME CEFPROZIL CEFTAZIDIME CEFTIBUTEN CEFTIZOXIME CEFTRIAXONE CEFUROXIME CELECOXIB CEPHALEXIN CEPHALOTHIN CEPHAPIRIN CEPHRADINE CETIRIZINE CHASTEBERRY CHLORAL HYDRATE CHLORAMBUCIL CHLORAMPHENICOL CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE CHLORHEXIDINE CHLORMEZANONE CHLOROQUINE CHLOROTHIAZIDE CHLOROTRIANISENE CHLORPROMAZINE CHLORPROPAMIDE CHLORTHALIDONE CHLORZOXAZONE CHOLESTYRAMINE CIDOFOVIR CILOSTAZOL CIMETIDINE CINOXACIN CIPROFLOXACIN CISPLATIN CITALOPRAM CLARITHROMYCIN CLEMASTINE CLIDINIUM CLINDAMYCIN CLOFAZIMINE CLOFIBRATE CLOMIPHENE CLOMIPRAMINE CLONAZEPAM CLONIDINE CLOPIDOGREL CLORAZEPATE CLOTRIMAZOLE CLOXACILLIN CLOZAPINE CO-TRIMOXAZOLE COCAINE CODEINE COLCHICINE COLESTIPOL COLLAGEN CORTICOSTEROIDS CROMOLYN CYANOCOBALAMIN CYCLAMATE CYCLOBENZAPRINE CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE CYCLOSERINE CYCLOSPORINE CYCLOTHIAZIDE CYPROHEPTADINE CYTARABINE DACARBAZINE DACTINOMYCIN DANAZOL DANTROLENE DAPSONE DARBEPOETIN ALFA DAUNORUBICIN DEFEROXAMINE DELAVIRDINE DEMECLOCYCLINE DENILEUKIN DESIPRAMINE DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE DEXTROAMPHETAMINE DIAZEPAM DIAZOXIDE DICLOFENAC DICLOXACILLIN DICUMAROL DICYCLOMINE DIDANOSINE DIETHYLPROPION DIETHYLSTILBESTROL DIFLUNISAL DIGOXIN DILTIAZEM DIMENHYDRINATE DIPHENHYDRAMINE DIPHENOXYLATE DIPYRIDAMOLE DIRITHROMYCIN DISOPYRAMIDE DISULFIRAM DOCETAXEL DOLASETRON DOMPERIDONE DONEPEZIL DOPAMINE DOXACURIUM DOXAZOSIN DOXEPIN DOXORUBICIN DOXYCYCLINE ECHINACEA EDROPHONIUM EFAVIRENZ ELETRIPTAN ENALAPRIL ENOXACIN ENOXAPARIN EPHEDRINE EPINEPHRINE EPIRUBICIN EPOETIN ALFA ERTAPENEM ERYTHROMYCIN ESMOLOL ESOMEPRAZOLE ESTAZOLAM ESTRAMUSTINE ESTROGENS ETANERCEPT ETHACRYNIC ACID ETHAMBUTOL ETHCHLORVYNOL ETHIONAMIDE ETHOSUXIMIDE ETIDRONATE ETODOLAC ETOPOSIDE FAMOTIDINE FELBAMATE FELODIPINE FENOFIBRATE FENOPROFEN FENTANYL FINASTERIDE FLAVOXATE FLECAINIDE FLUCONAZOLE FLUCYTOSINE FLUMAZENIL FLUOROURACIL FLUOXETINE FLUOXYMESTERONE FLUPHENAZINE FLURAZEPAM FLURBIPROFEN FLUTAMIDE FLUVASTATIN FLUVOXAMINE FOLIC ACID FORMOTEROL FOSCARNET FOSINOPRIL FURAZOLIDONE FUROSEMIDE GABAPENTIN GANCICLOVIR GARLIC GATIFLOXACIN GEMFIBROZIL GEMIFLOXACIN GENTAMICIN GLATIRAMER GLIMEPIRIDE GLIPIZIDE GLUCAGON GLYBURIDE GLYCOPYRROLATE GOLD and GOLD COMPOUNDS GOSERELIN GRANISETRON GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR (GCSF) GREPAFLOXACIN GRISEOFULVIN GUANETHIDINE GUANFACINE HALOPERIDOL HALOTHANE HENNA HEPARIN HEPATITIS B VACCINE HEROIN HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE HYDROCODONE HYDROFLUMETHIAZIDE HYDROMORPHONE HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE HYDROXYUREA HYDROXYZINE HYOSCYAMINE IBRITUMOMAB IBUPROFEN IDARUBICIN IMIPENEM/CILASTATIN IMIPRAMINE INDAPAMIDE INDINAVIR INDOMETHACIN INFLIXIMAB INSULIN INTERFERON BETA 1-A INTERFERON BETA-1B INTERFERONS, ALFA-2 IPODATE IPRATROPIUM IRBESARTAN ISONIAZID ISOPROTERENOL ISOTRETINOIN ISRADIPINE ITRACONAZOLE IVERMECTIN KANAMYCIN KETOCONAZOLE KETOPROFEN KETOROLAC LABETALOL LAMIVUDINE LAMOTRIGINE LANSOPRAZOLE LEFLUNOMIDE LEUCOVORIN LEUPROLIDE LEVAMISOLE LEVOBUNOLOL LEVOBUPIVACAINE LEVODOPA LEVOFLOXACIN LEVOTHYROXINE LIDOCAINE LINCOMYCIN LINDANE LIOTHYRONINE LISINOPRIL LITHIUM LOMEFLOXACIN LOPERAMIDE LORACARBEF LORATADINE LORAZEPAM LOSARTAN LOVASTATIN LOXAPINE MAPROTILINE MARIHUANA MAZINDOL MEBENDAZOLE MECHLORETHAMINE MECLIZINE MECLOFENAMATE MEDROXYPROGESTERONE MEFENAMIC ACID MEFLOQUINE MELOXICAM MELPHALAN MEPERIDINE MEPHENYTOIN MEPHOBARBITAL MEPROBAMATE MERCAPTOPURINE MESALAMINE MESNA MESORIDAZINE METAXALONE METFORMIN METHADONE METHAMPHETAMINE METHANTHELINE METHAZOLAMIDE METHENAMINE METHICILLIN METHIMAZOLE METHOCARBAMOL METHOHEXITAL METHOTREXATE METHOXSALEN METHSUXIMIDE METHYCLOTHIAZIDE METHYLDOPA METHYLPHENIDATE METHYLTESTOSTERONE METHYSERGIDE METOCLOPRAMIDE METOLAZONE METOPROLOL METRONIDAZOLE MEXILETINE MEZLOCILLIN MICONAZOLE MIDAZOLAM MILK THISTLE MINOCYCLINE MINOXIDIL MITOMYCIN MITOTANE MITOXANTRONE MOEXIPRIL MONTELUKAST MORICIZINE MOXIFLOXACIN NABUMETONE NADOLOL NAFARELIN NAFCILLIN NALBUPHINE NALIDIXIC ACID NALOXONE NAPROXEN NARATRIPTAN NEFAZODONE NELFINAVIR NEOMYCIN NIACIN NICARDIPINE NICOTINE NIFEDIPINE NISOLDIPINE NITROFURANTOIN NITROGLYCERIN NIZATIDINE NORFLOXACIN NORTRIPTYLINE NYSTATIN OCTREOTIDE OFLOXACIN OLANZAPINE OLSALAZINE OMEPRAZOLE ONDANSETRON ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ORPHENADRINE OXACILLIN OXALIPLATIN OXAPROZIN OXAZEPAM OXYBUTYNIN OXYCODONE OXYTETRACYCLINE PACLITAXEL PANTOPRAZOLE PANTOTHENIC ACID PAPAVERINE PAROXETINE PEG-INTERFERON ALFA-2B PEGFILGRASTIM PENICILLAMINE PENICILLINS PENTAGASTRIN PENTAMIDINE PENTAZOCINE PENTOBARBITAL PENTOSAN PENTOSTATIN PENTOXIFYLLINE PERGOLIDE PERPHENAZINE PHENDIMETRAZINE PHENELZINE PHENINDAMINE PHENOBARBITAL PHENOLPHTHALEIN PHENTERMINE PHENYTOIN PHYTONADIONE PILOCARPINE PIMOZIDE PINDOLOL PIPECURONIUM PIPERACILLIN PIROXICAM POLYTHIAZIDE POTASSIUM IODIDE PRAVASTATIN PRAZEPAM PRAZIQUANTEL PRAZOSIN PRIMAQUINE PRIMIDONE PROBENECID PROCAINAMIDE PROCARBAZINE PROCHLORPERAZINE PROCYCLIDINE PROGESTINS PROMAZINE PROMETHAZINE PROPAFENONE PROPANTHELINE PROPOFOL PROPOXYPHENE PROPRANOLOL PROPYLTHIOURACIL PROTAMINE PROTAMINE SULFATE PROTRIPTYLINE PSEUDOEPHEDRINE PSORALENS PYRAZINAMIDE PYRILAMINE PYRIMETHAMINE QUAZEPAM QUINACRINE QUINAPRIL QUINESTROL QUINETHAZONE QUINIDINE QUININE QUINUPRISTIN/DALFOPRISTIN RABEPRAZOLE RAMIPRIL RANITIDINE RAPACURONIUM RESERPINE RIBAVIRIN RIBOFLAVIN RIFABUTIN RIFAMPIN RIFAPENTINE RISPERIDONE RITODRINE RITONAVIR RITUXIMAB RIVASTIGMINE ROFECOXIB ROPINIROLE SACCHARIN SALMETEROL SALSALATE SAQUINAVIR SCOPOLAMINE SECOBARBITAL SECRETIN SERMORELIN SERTRALINE SILDENAFIL SIMVASTATIN SMALLPOX VACCINE SOTALOL SPARFLOXACIN SPECTINOMYCIN SPIRONOLACTONE STANOZOLOL STREPTOKINASE STREPTOMYCIN SUCCINYLCHOLINE SUCRALFATE SUFENTANIL SULFADIAZINE SULFADOXINE SULFAMETHOXAZOLE SULFASALAZINE SULFISOXAZOLE SULINDAC SUMATRIPTAN TACRINE TACROLIMUS TAMOXIFEN TARTRAZINE TEMAZEPAM TENECTEPLASE TERBINAFINE TERBUTALINE TERFENADINE TESTOSTERONE TETRACYCLINE THALIDOMIDE THIABENDAZOLE THIAMINE THIMEROSAL THIOPENTAL THIORIDAZINE THIOTEPA THIOTHIXENE TIAGABINE TICARCILLIN TICLOPIDINE TIMOLOL TINZAPARIN TIOPRONIN TIROFIBAN TIZANIDINE TOBRAMYCIN TOLAZAMIDE TOLAZOLINE TOLBUTAMIDE TOLCAPONE TOLMETIN TOPIRAMATE TORSEMIDE TRAMADOL TRANYLCYPROMINE TRAZODONE TRIAMTERENE TRIAZOLAM TRICHLORMETHIAZIDE TRIFLUOPERAZINE TRIHEXYPHENIDYL TRIMEPRAZINE TRIMETHADIONE TRIMIPRAMINE TRIPELENNAMINE TRIPROLIDINE TROLEANDOMYCIN TROVAFLOXACIN UROFOLLITROPIN UROKINASE URSODIOL VALDECOXIB VALPROIC ACID VALSARTAN VANCOMYCIN VASOPRESSIN VENLAFAXINE VERAPAMIL VERTEPORFIN VINBLASTINE VINCRISTINE VITAMIN E VORICONAZOLE WARFARIN YARROW ZALCITABINE ZANAMIVIR ZIDOVUDINE ZIPRASIDONE ZOLMITRIPTAN ZOLPIDEM ZONISAMIDE NSAIDs (ASS, ibuprofen, diclofenac)

20. ACARBOSE ACEBUTOLOL ACETAMINOPHEN ACETAZOLAMIDE ACETOHEXAMIDE ACETYLCYSTEINE ACITRETIN ACYCLOVIR ALBENDAZOLE ALBUTEROL ALDESLEUKIN ALEFACEPT ALEMTUZUMAB ALFENTANIL ALLOPURINOL ALPRAZOLAM ALPROSTADIL ALTEPLASE AMANTADINE AMIKACIN AMILORIDE AMINOCAPROIC ACID AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AMINOPHYLLINE AMINOSALICYLATE SODIUM AMIODARONE AMITRIPTYLINE AMLODIPINE AMOBARBITAL AMOXAPINE AMOXICILLIN AMPHOTERICIN B AMPICILLIN ANAGRELIDE ANISINDIONE ANISTREPLASE ANTHRAX VACCINE APREPITANT APROBARBITAL APROTININ ARIPIPRAZOLE ARSENIC ASPARAGINASE ASPARTAME ASPIRIN ATAZANAVIR ATENOLOL ATOMOXETINE ATORVASTATIN ATRACURIUM ATROPINE SULFATE AZATADINE AZATHIOPRINE AZITHROMYCIN AZTREONAM BACAMPICILLIN BACLOFEN BENACTYZINE BENAZEPRIL BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE BENZPHETAMINE BENZTHIAZIDE BENZTROPINE BETAXOLOL BIPERIDEN BISACODYL BISOPROLOL BLEOMYCIN BOTULINUM TOXIN (A & B) BRINZOLAMIDE BROMOCRIPTINE BUMETANIDE BUPROPION BUSPIRONE BUSULFAN BUTABARBITAL BUTALBITAL BUTORPHANOL CAFFEINE CALCITONIN CAPSICUM CAPTOPRIL CARAWAY CARBAMAZEPINE CARBENICILLIN CARBOPLATIN CARISOPRODOL CEFACLOR CEFADROXIL CEFAMANDOLE CEFAZOLIN CEFDINIR CEFDITOREN CEFEPIME CEFIXIME CEFMETAZOLE CEFONICID CEFOPERAZONE CEFOTAXIME CEFOTETAN CEFOXITIN CEFPODOXIME CEFPROZIL CEFTAZIDIME CEFTIBUTEN CEFTIZOXIME CEFTRIAXONE CEFUROXIME CELECOXIB CEPHALEXIN CEPHALOTHIN CEPHAPIRIN CEPHRADINE CETIRIZINE CHASTEBERRY CHLORAL HYDRATE CHLORAMBUCIL CHLORAMPHENICOL CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE CHLORHEXIDINE CHLORMEZANONE CHLOROQUINE CHLOROTHIAZIDE CHLOROTRIANISENE CHLORPROMAZINE CHLORPROPAMIDE CHLORTHALIDONE CHLORZOXAZONE CHOLESTYRAMINE CIDOFOVIR CILOSTAZOL CIMETIDINE CINOXACIN CIPROFLOXACIN CISPLATIN CITALOPRAM CLARITHROMYCIN CLEMASTINE CLIDINIUM CLINDAMYCIN CLOFAZIMINE CLOFIBRATE CLOMIPHENE CLOMIPRAMINE CLONAZEPAM CLONIDINE CLOPIDOGREL CLORAZEPATE CLOTRIMAZOLE CLOXACILLIN CLOZAPINE CO-TRIMOXAZOLE COCAINE CODEINE COLCHICINE COLESTIPOL COLLAGEN CORTICOSTEROIDS CROMOLYN CYANOCOBALAMIN CYCLAMATE CYCLOBENZAPRINE CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE CYCLOSERINE CYCLOSPORINE CYCLOTHIAZIDE CYPROHEPTADINE CYTARABINE DACARBAZINE DACTINOMYCIN DANAZOL DANTROLENE DAPSONE DARBEPOETIN ALFA DAUNORUBICIN DEFEROXAMINE DELAVIRDINE DEMECLOCYCLINE DENILEUKIN DESIPRAMINE DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE DEXTROAMPHETAMINE DIAZEPAM DIAZOXIDE DICLOFENAC DICLOXACILLIN DICUMAROL DICYCLOMINE DIDANOSINE DIETHYLPROPION DIETHYLSTILBESTROL DIFLUNISAL DIGOXIN DILTIAZEM DIMENHYDRINATE DIPHENHYDRAMINE DIPHENOXYLATE DIPYRIDAMOLE DIRITHROMYCIN DISOPYRAMIDE DISULFIRAM DOCETAXEL DOLASETRON DOMPERIDONE DONEPEZIL DOPAMINE DOXACURIUM DOXAZOSIN DOXEPIN DOXORUBICIN DOXYCYCLINE ECHINACEA EDROPHONIUM EFAVIRENZ ELETRIPTAN ENALAPRIL ENOXACIN ENOXAPARIN EPHEDRINE EPINEPHRINE EPIRUBICIN EPOETIN ALFA ERTAPENEM ERYTHROMYCIN ESMOLOL ESOMEPRAZOLE ESTAZOLAM ESTRAMUSTINE ESTROGENS ETANERCEPT ETHACRYNIC ACID ETHAMBUTOL ETHCHLORVYNOL ETHIONAMIDE ETHOSUXIMIDE ETIDRONATE ETODOLAC ETOPOSIDE FAMOTIDINE FELBAMATE FELODIPINE FENOFIBRATE FENOPROFEN FENTANYL FINASTERIDE FLAVOXATE FLECAINIDE FLUCONAZOLE FLUCYTOSINE FLUMAZENIL FLUOROURACIL FLUOXETINE FLUOXYMESTERONE FLUPHENAZINE FLURAZEPAM FLURBIPROFEN FLUTAMIDE FLUVASTATIN FLUVOXAMINE FOLIC ACID FORMOTEROL FOSCARNET FOSINOPRIL FURAZOLIDONE FUROSEMIDE GABAPENTIN GANCICLOVIR GARLIC GATIFLOXACIN GEMFIBROZIL GEMIFLOXACIN GENTAMICIN GLATIRAMER GLIMEPIRIDE GLIPIZIDE GLUCAGON GLYBURIDE GLYCOPYRROLATE GOLD and GOLD COMPOUNDS GOSERELIN GRANISETRON GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR (GCSF) GREPAFLOXACIN GRISEOFULVIN GUANETHIDINE GUANFACINE HALOPERIDOL HALOTHANE HENNA HEPARIN HEPATITIS B VACCINE HEROIN HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE HYDROCODONE HYDROFLUMETHIAZIDE HYDROMORPHONE HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE HYDROXYUREA HYDROXYZINE HYOSCYAMINE IBRITUMOMAB IBUPROFEN IDARUBICIN IMIPENEM/CILASTATIN IMIPRAMINE INDAPAMIDE INDINAVIR INDOMETHACIN INFLIXIMAB INSULIN INTERFERON BETA 1-A INTERFERON BETA-1B INTERFERONS, ALFA-2 IPODATE IPRATROPIUM IRBESARTAN ISONIAZID ISOPROTERENOL ISOTRETINOIN ISRADIPINE ITRACONAZOLE IVERMECTIN KANAMYCIN KETOCONAZOLE KETOPROFEN KETOROLAC LABETALOL LAMIVUDINE LAMOTRIGINE LANSOPRAZOLE LEFLUNOMIDE LEUCOVORIN LEUPROLIDE LEVAMISOLE LEVOBUNOLOL LEVOBUPIVACAINE LEVODOPA LEVOFLOXACIN LEVOTHYROXINE LIDOCAINE LINCOMYCIN LINDANE LIOTHYRONINE LISINOPRIL LITHIUM LOMEFLOXACIN LOPERAMIDE LORACARBEF LORATADINE LORAZEPAM LOSARTAN LOVASTATIN LOXAPINE MAPROTILINE MARIHUANA MAZINDOL MEBENDAZOLE MECHLORETHAMINE MECLIZINE MECLOFENAMATE MEDROXYPROGESTERONE MEFENAMIC ACID MEFLOQUINE MELOXICAM MELPHALAN MEPERIDINE MEPHENYTOIN MEPHOBARBITAL MEPROBAMATE MERCAPTOPURINE MESALAMINE MESNA MESORIDAZINE METAXALONE METFORMIN METHADONE METHAMPHETAMINE METHANTHELINE METHAZOLAMIDE METHENAMINE METHICILLIN METHIMAZOLE METHOCARBAMOL METHOHEXITAL METHOTREXATE METHOXSALEN METHSUXIMIDE METHYCLOTHIAZIDE METHYLDOPA METHYLPHENIDATE METHYLTESTOSTERONE METHYSERGIDE METOCLOPRAMIDE METOLAZONE METOPROLOL METRONIDAZOLE MEXILETINE MEZLOCILLIN MICONAZOLE MIDAZOLAM MILK THISTLE MINOCYCLINE MINOXIDIL MITOMYCIN MITOTANE MITOXANTRONE MOEXIPRIL MONTELUKAST MORICIZINE MOXIFLOXACIN NABUMETONE NADOLOL NAFARELIN NAFCILLIN NALBUPHINE NALIDIXIC ACID NALOXONE NAPROXEN NARATRIPTAN NEFAZODONE NELFINAVIR NEOMYCIN NIACIN NICARDIPINE NICOTINE NIFEDIPINE NISOLDIPINE NITROFURANTOIN NITROGLYCERIN NIZATIDINE NORFLOXACIN NORTRIPTYLINE NYSTATIN OCTREOTIDE OFLOXACIN OLANZAPINE OLSALAZINE OMEPRAZOLE ONDANSETRON ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ORPHENADRINE OXACILLIN OXALIPLATIN OXAPROZIN OXAZEPAM OXYBUTYNIN OXYCODONE OXYTETRACYCLINE PACLITAXEL PANTOPRAZOLE PANTOTHENIC ACID PAPAVERINE PAROXETINE PEG-INTERFERON ALFA-2B PEGFILGRASTIM PENICILLAMINE PENICILLINS PENTAGASTRIN PENTAMIDINE PENTAZOCINE PENTOBARBITAL PENTOSAN PENTOSTATIN PENTOXIFYLLINE PERGOLIDE PERPHENAZINE PHENDIMETRAZINE PHENELZINE PHENINDAMINE PHENOBARBITAL PHENOLPHTHALEIN PHENTERMINE PHENYTOIN PHYTONADIONE PILOCARPINE PIMOZIDE PINDOLOL PIPECURONIUM PIPERACILLIN PIROXICAM POLYTHIAZIDE POTASSIUM IODIDE PRAVASTATIN PRAZEPAM PRAZIQUANTEL PRAZOSIN PRIMAQUINE PRIMIDONE PROBENECID PROCAINAMIDE PROCARBAZINE PROCHLORPERAZINE PROCYCLIDINE PROGESTINS PROMAZINE PROMETHAZINE PROPAFENONE PROPANTHELINE PROPOFOL PROPOXYPHENE PROPRANOLOL PROPYLTHIOURACIL PROTAMINE PROTAMINE SULFATE PROTRIPTYLINE PSEUDOEPHEDRINE PSORALENS PYRAZINAMIDE PYRILAMINE PYRIMETHAMINE QUAZEPAM QUINACRINE QUINAPRIL QUINESTROL QUINETHAZONE QUINIDINE QUININE QUINUPRISTIN/DALFOPRISTIN RABEPRAZOLE RAMIPRIL RANITIDINE RAPACURONIUM RESERPINE RIBAVIRIN RIBOFLAVIN RIFABUTIN RIFAMPIN RIFAPENTINE RISPERIDONE RITODRINE RITONAVIR RITUXIMAB RIVASTIGMINE ROFECOXIB ROPINIROLE SACCHARIN SALMETEROL SALSALATE SAQUINAVIR SCOPOLAMINE SECOBARBITAL SECRETIN SERMORELIN SERTRALINE SILDENAFIL SIMVASTATIN SMALLPOX VACCINE SOTALOL SPARFLOXACIN SPECTINOMYCIN SPIRONOLACTONE STANOZOLOL STREPTOKINASE STREPTOMYCIN SUCCINYLCHOLINE SUCRALFATE SUFENTANIL SULFADIAZINE SULFADOXINE SULFAMETHOXAZOLE SULFASALAZINE SULFISOXAZOLE SULINDAC SUMATRIPTAN TACRINE TACROLIMUS TAMOXIFEN TARTRAZINE TEMAZEPAM TENECTEPLASE TERBINAFINE TERBUTALINE TERFENADINE TESTOSTERONE TETRACYCLINE THALIDOMIDE THIABENDAZOLE THIAMINE THIMEROSAL THIOPENTAL THIORIDAZINE THIOTEPA THIOTHIXENE TIAGABINE TICARCILLIN TICLOPIDINE TIMOLOL TINZAPARIN TIOPRONIN TIROFIBAN TIZANIDINE TOBRAMYCIN TOLAZAMIDE TOLAZOLINE TOLBUTAMIDE TOLCAPONE TOLMETIN TOPIRAMATE TORSEMIDE TRAMADOL TRANYLCYPROMINE TRAZODONE TRIAMTERENE TRIAZOLAM TRICHLORMETHIAZIDE TRIFLUOPERAZINE TRIHEXYPHENIDYL TRIMEPRAZINE TRIMETHADIONE TRIMIPRAMINE TRIPELENNAMINE TRIPROLIDINE TROLEANDOMYCIN TROVAFLOXACIN UROFOLLITROPIN UROKINASE URSODIOL VALDECOXIB VALPROIC ACID VALSARTAN VANCOMYCIN VASOPRESSIN VENLAFAXINE VERAPAMIL VERTEPORFIN VINBLASTINE VINCRISTINE VITAMIN E VORICONAZOLE WARFARIN YARROW ZALCITABINE ZANAMIVIR ZIDOVUDINE ZIPRASIDONE ZOLMITRIPTAN ZOLPIDEM ZONISAMIDE NSAIDs (ASS, ibuprofen, diclofenac) Antibiotics (mainly penicillins)

21. ACARBOSE ACEBUTOLOL ACETAMINOPHEN ACETAZOLAMIDE ACETOHEXAMIDE ACETYLCYSTEINE ACITRETIN ACYCLOVIR ALBENDAZOLE ALBUTEROL ALDESLEUKIN ALEFACEPT ALEMTUZUMAB ALFENTANIL ALLOPURINOL ALPRAZOLAM ALPROSTADIL ALTEPLASE AMANTADINE AMIKACIN AMILORIDE AMINOCAPROIC ACID AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AMINOPHYLLINE AMINOSALICYLATE SODIUM AMIODARONE AMITRIPTYLINE AMLODIPINE AMOBARBITAL AMOXAPINE AMOXICILLIN AMPHOTERICIN B AMPICILLIN ANAGRELIDE ANISINDIONE ANISTREPLASE ANTHRAX VACCINE APREPITANT APROBARBITAL APROTININ ARIPIPRAZOLE ARSENIC ASPARAGINASE ASPARTAME ASPIRIN ATAZANAVIR ATENOLOL ATOMOXETINE ATORVASTATIN ATRACURIUM ATROPINE SULFATE AZATADINE AZATHIOPRINE AZITHROMYCIN AZTREONAM BACAMPICILLIN BACLOFEN BENACTYZINE BENAZEPRIL BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE BENZPHETAMINE BENZTHIAZIDE BENZTROPINE BETAXOLOL BIPERIDEN BISACODYL BISOPROLOL BLEOMYCIN BOTULINUM TOXIN (A & B) BRINZOLAMIDE BROMOCRIPTINE BUMETANIDE BUPROPION BUSPIRONE BUSULFAN BUTABARBITAL BUTALBITAL BUTORPHANOL CAFFEINE CALCITONIN CAPSICUM CAPTOPRIL CARAWAY CARBAMAZEPINE CARBENICILLIN CARBOPLATIN CARISOPRODOL CEFACLOR CEFADROXIL CEFAMANDOLE CEFAZOLIN CEFDINIR CEFDITOREN CEFEPIME CEFIXIME CEFMETAZOLE CEFONICID CEFOPERAZONE CEFOTAXIME CEFOTETAN CEFOXITIN CEFPODOXIME CEFPROZIL CEFTAZIDIME CEFTIBUTEN CEFTIZOXIME CEFTRIAXONE CEFUROXIME CELECOXIB CEPHALEXIN CEPHALOTHIN CEPHAPIRIN CEPHRADINE CETIRIZINE CHASTEBERRY CHLORAL HYDRATE CHLORAMBUCIL CHLORAMPHENICOL CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE CHLORHEXIDINE CHLORMEZANONE CHLOROQUINE CHLOROTHIAZIDE CHLOROTRIANISENE CHLORPROMAZINE CHLORPROPAMIDE CHLORTHALIDONE CHLORZOXAZONE CHOLESTYRAMINE CIDOFOVIR CILOSTAZOL CIMETIDINE CINOXACIN CIPROFLOXACIN CISPLATIN CITALOPRAM CLARITHROMYCIN CLEMASTINE CLIDINIUM CLINDAMYCIN CLOFAZIMINE CLOFIBRATE CLOMIPHENE CLOMIPRAMINE CLONAZEPAM CLONIDINE CLOPIDOGREL CLORAZEPATE CLOTRIMAZOLE CLOXACILLIN CLOZAPINE CO-TRIMOXAZOLE COCAINE CODEINE COLCHICINE COLESTIPOL COLLAGEN CORTICOSTEROIDS CROMOLYN CYANOCOBALAMIN CYCLAMATE CYCLOBENZAPRINE CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE CYCLOSERINE CYCLOSPORINE CYCLOTHIAZIDE CYPROHEPTADINE CYTARABINE DACARBAZINE DACTINOMYCIN DANAZOL DANTROLENE DAPSONE DARBEPOETIN ALFA DAUNORUBICIN DEFEROXAMINE DELAVIRDINE DEMECLOCYCLINE DENILEUKIN DESIPRAMINE DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE DEXTROAMPHETAMINE DIAZEPAM DIAZOXIDE DICLOFENAC DICLOXACILLIN DICUMAROL DICYCLOMINE DIDANOSINE DIETHYLPROPION DIETHYLSTILBESTROL DIFLUNISAL DIGOXIN DILTIAZEM DIMENHYDRINATE DIPHENHYDRAMINE DIPHENOXYLATE DIPYRIDAMOLE DIRITHROMYCIN DISOPYRAMIDE DISULFIRAM DOCETAXEL DOLASETRON DOMPERIDONE DONEPEZIL DOPAMINE DOXACURIUM DOXAZOSIN DOXEPIN DOXORUBICIN DOXYCYCLINE ECHINACEA EDROPHONIUM EFAVIRENZ ELETRIPTAN ENALAPRIL ENOXACIN ENOXAPARIN EPHEDRINE EPINEPHRINE EPIRUBICIN EPOETIN ALFA ERTAPENEM ERYTHROMYCIN ESMOLOL ESOMEPRAZOLE ESTAZOLAM ESTRAMUSTINE ESTROGENS ETANERCEPT ETHACRYNIC ACID ETHAMBUTOL ETHCHLORVYNOL ETHIONAMIDE ETHOSUXIMIDE ETIDRONATE ETODOLAC ETOPOSIDE FAMOTIDINE FELBAMATE FELODIPINE FENOFIBRATE FENOPROFEN FENTANYL FINASTERIDE FLAVOXATE FLECAINIDE FLUCONAZOLE FLUCYTOSINE FLUMAZENIL FLUOROURACIL FLUOXETINE FLUOXYMESTERONE FLUPHENAZINE FLURAZEPAM FLURBIPROFEN FLUTAMIDE FLUVASTATIN FLUVOXAMINE FOLIC ACID FORMOTEROL FOSCARNET FOSINOPRIL FURAZOLIDONE FUROSEMIDE GABAPENTIN GANCICLOVIR GARLIC GATIFLOXACIN GEMFIBROZIL GEMIFLOXACIN GENTAMICIN GLATIRAMER GLIMEPIRIDE GLIPIZIDE GLUCAGON GLYBURIDE GLYCOPYRROLATE GOLD and GOLD COMPOUNDS GOSERELIN GRANISETRON GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR (GCSF) GREPAFLOXACIN GRISEOFULVIN GUANETHIDINE GUANFACINE HALOPERIDOL HALOTHANE HENNA HEPARIN HEPATITIS B VACCINE HEROIN HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE HYDROCODONE HYDROFLUMETHIAZIDE HYDROMORPHONE HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE HYDROXYUREA HYDROXYZINE HYOSCYAMINE IBRITUMOMAB IBUPROFEN IDARUBICIN IMIPENEM/CILASTATIN IMIPRAMINE INDAPAMIDE INDINAVIR INDOMETHACIN INFLIXIMAB INSULIN INTERFERON BETA 1-A INTERFERON BETA-1B INTERFERONS, ALFA-2 IPODATE IPRATROPIUM IRBESARTAN ISONIAZID ISOPROTERENOL ISOTRETINOIN ISRADIPINE ITRACONAZOLE IVERMECTIN KANAMYCIN KETOCONAZOLE KETOPROFEN KETOROLAC LABETALOL LAMIVUDINE LAMOTRIGINE LANSOPRAZOLE LEFLUNOMIDE LEUCOVORIN LEUPROLIDE LEVAMISOLE LEVOBUNOLOL LEVOBUPIVACAINE LEVODOPA LEVOFLOXACIN LEVOTHYROXINE LIDOCAINE LINCOMYCIN LINDANE LIOTHYRONINE LISINOPRIL LITHIUM LOMEFLOXACIN LOPERAMIDE LORACARBEF LORATADINE LORAZEPAM LOSARTAN LOVASTATIN LOXAPINE MAPROTILINE MARIHUANA MAZINDOL MEBENDAZOLE MECHLORETHAMINE MECLIZINE MECLOFENAMATE MEDROXYPROGESTERONE MEFENAMIC ACID MEFLOQUINE MELOXICAM MELPHALAN MEPERIDINE MEPHENYTOIN MEPHOBARBITAL MEPROBAMATE MERCAPTOPURINE MESALAMINE MESNA MESORIDAZINE METAXALONE METFORMIN METHADONE METHAMPHETAMINE METHANTHELINE METHAZOLAMIDE METHENAMINE METHICILLIN METHIMAZOLE METHOCARBAMOL METHOHEXITAL METHOTREXATE METHOXSALEN METHSUXIMIDE METHYCLOTHIAZIDE METHYLDOPA METHYLPHENIDATE METHYLTESTOSTERONE METHYSERGIDE METOCLOPRAMIDE METOLAZONE METOPROLOL METRONIDAZOLE MEXILETINE MEZLOCILLIN MICONAZOLE MIDAZOLAM MILK THISTLE MINOCYCLINE MINOXIDIL MITOMYCIN MITOTANE MITOXANTRONE MOEXIPRIL MONTELUKAST MORICIZINE MOXIFLOXACIN NABUMETONE NADOLOL NAFARELIN NAFCILLIN NALBUPHINE NALIDIXIC ACID NALOXONE NAPROXEN NARATRIPTAN NEFAZODONE NELFINAVIR NEOMYCIN NIACIN NICARDIPINE NICOTINE NIFEDIPINE NISOLDIPINE NITROFURANTOIN NITROGLYCERIN NIZATIDINE NORFLOXACIN NORTRIPTYLINE NYSTATIN OCTREOTIDE OFLOXACIN OLANZAPINE OLSALAZINE OMEPRAZOLE ONDANSETRON ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ORPHENADRINE OXACILLIN OXALIPLATIN OXAPROZIN OXAZEPAM OXYBUTYNIN OXYCODONE OXYTETRACYCLINE PACLITAXEL PANTOPRAZOLE PANTOTHENIC ACID PAPAVERINE PAROXETINE PEG-INTERFERON ALFA-2B PEGFILGRASTIM PENICILLAMINE PENICILLINS PENTAGASTRIN PENTAMIDINE PENTAZOCINE PENTOBARBITAL PENTOSAN PENTOSTATIN PENTOXIFYLLINE PERGOLIDE PERPHENAZINE PHENDIMETRAZINE PHENELZINE PHENINDAMINE PHENOBARBITAL PHENOLPHTHALEIN PHENTERMINE PHENYTOIN PHYTONADIONE PILOCARPINE PIMOZIDE PINDOLOL PIPECURONIUM PIPERACILLIN PIROXICAM POLYTHIAZIDE POTASSIUM IODIDE PRAVASTATIN PRAZEPAM PRAZIQUANTEL PRAZOSIN PRIMAQUINE PRIMIDONE PROBENECID PROCAINAMIDE PROCARBAZINE PROCHLORPERAZINE PROCYCLIDINE PROGESTINS PROMAZINE PROMETHAZINE PROPAFENONE PROPANTHELINE PROPOFOL PROPOXYPHENE PROPRANOLOL PROPYLTHIOURACIL PROTAMINE PROTAMINE SULFATE PROTRIPTYLINE PSEUDOEPHEDRINE PSORALENS PYRAZINAMIDE PYRILAMINE PYRIMETHAMINE QUAZEPAM QUINACRINE QUINAPRIL QUINESTROL QUINETHAZONE QUINIDINE QUININE QUINUPRISTIN/DALFOPRISTIN RABEPRAZOLE RAMIPRIL RANITIDINE RAPACURONIUM RESERPINE RIBAVIRIN RIBOFLAVIN RIFABUTIN RIFAMPIN RIFAPENTINE RISPERIDONE RITODRINE RITONAVIR RITUXIMAB RIVASTIGMINE ROFECOXIB ROPINIROLE SACCHARIN SALMETEROL SALSALATE SAQUINAVIR SCOPOLAMINE SECOBARBITAL SECRETIN SERMORELIN SERTRALINE SILDENAFIL SIMVASTATIN SMALLPOX VACCINE SOTALOL SPARFLOXACIN SPECTINOMYCIN SPIRONOLACTONE STANOZOLOL STREPTOKINASE STREPTOMYCIN SUCCINYLCHOLINE SUCRALFATE SUFENTANIL SULFADIAZINE SULFADOXINE SULFAMETHOXAZOLE SULFASALAZINE SULFISOXAZOLE SULINDAC SUMATRIPTAN TACRINE TACROLIMUS TAMOXIFEN TARTRAZINE TEMAZEPAM TENECTEPLASE TERBINAFINE TERBUTALINE TERFENADINE TESTOSTERONE TETRACYCLINE THALIDOMIDE THIABENDAZOLE THIAMINE THIMEROSAL THIOPENTAL THIORIDAZINE THIOTEPA THIOTHIXENE TIAGABINE TICARCILLIN TICLOPIDINE TIMOLOL TINZAPARIN TIOPRONIN TIROFIBAN TIZANIDINE TOBRAMYCIN TOLAZAMIDE TOLAZOLINE TOLBUTAMIDE TOLCAPONE TOLMETIN TOPIRAMATE TORSEMIDE TRAMADOL TRANYLCYPROMINE TRAZODONE TRIAMTERENE TRIAZOLAM TRICHLORMETHIAZIDE TRIFLUOPERAZINE TRIHEXYPHENIDYL TRIMEPRAZINE TRIMETHADIONE TRIMIPRAMINE TRIPELENNAMINE TRIPROLIDINE TROLEANDOMYCIN TROVAFLOXACIN UROFOLLITROPIN UROKINASE URSODIOL VALDECOXIB VALPROIC ACID VALSARTAN VANCOMYCIN VASOPRESSIN VENLAFAXINE VERAPAMIL VERTEPORFIN VINBLASTINE VINCRISTINE VITAMIN E VORICONAZOLE WARFARIN YARROW ZALCITABINE ZANAMIVIR ZIDOVUDINE ZIPRASIDONE ZOLMITRIPTAN ZOLPIDEM ZONISAMIDE NSAIDs (ASS, ibuprofen, diclofenac) Antibiotics (mainly penicillins) barbiturates captopril levamisole quinine rifampin sulfonamides thiopental vancomycin

22. Drug-induced forms of Urticaria Spontaneous Urticaria Physical Urticaria Other forms of Urticaria

23. Drug-induced forms of Urticaria Spontaneous Urticaria Physical Urticaria Other forms of Urticaria

24. Drug-induced forms of Urticaria Spontaneous Urticaria Physical Urticaria Other forms of Urticaria

25. Drug-induced spontaneous Urticaria Acute Urticaria

26. Drug-induced spontaneous Urticaria Acute Urticaria Very common (1 in 4) < 6 weeks > 95% spontaneous remission

27. Drug-induced spontaneous Urticaria Acute Urticaria Very common (1 in 4) < 6 weeks > 95% spontaneous remission Anti-inflammatory, symptomatic Therapie

28. Drug-induced spontaneous Urticaria Triggers of Acute Urticaria: 50% unresolved 40% infections 10% drugs

29. Urticaria Reaction Drug-induced mast cell activation Drug + IgE + FceRI MC Histamine

30. Urticaria Reaction Drug-induced mast cell activation Drug + trigger MC Histamine

31. Urticaria – Pathogenesis Mast cells are the key effector cells in the induction of urticaria symptoms. MC

32. Urticaria – Pathogenesis Mast cells are the key effector cells in the induction of urticaria symptoms. IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, TNFa, MIPs, IFN-g, GM-CSF, TGF-b, bFGF, VPF/VEGF, PGD2, LTB4, LTC4, PAF, histamine, serotonin, heparin, chondroitin- sulfate, chymase, tryptase, carboxy-peptidase MC

33. Urticaria – Pathogenesis Mast cells are the key effector cells in the induction of urticaria symptoms. IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, TNFa, MIPs, IFN-g, GM-CSF, TGF-b, bFGF, VPF/VEGF, PGD2, LTB4, LTC4, PAF, histamine, serotonin, heparin, chondroitin- sulfate, chymase, tryptase, carboxy-peptidase activation MC

34. Urticaria – Pathogenesis Mast cells are the key effector cells in the induction of urticaria symptoms. IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, TNFa, MIPs, IFN-g, GM-CSF, TGF-b, bFGF, VPF/VEGF, PGD2, LTB4, LTC4, PAF, histamine, serotonin, heparin, chondroitin- sulfate, chymase, tryptase, carboxy-peptidase activation extravasation MC vasodilation

35. Urticaria – Pathogenesis Mast cells are the key effector cells in the induction of urticaria symptoms. IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, TNFa, MIPs, IFN-g, GM-CSF, TGF-b, bFGF, VPF/VEGF, PGD2, LTB4, LTC4, PAF, histamine, serotonin, heparin, chondroitin- sulfate, chymase, tryptase, carboxy-peptidase activation extravasation MC vasodilation recruitment

36. Mast cells are preferentially located at host-environment interfaces. Skin Airways Gut

37. Distribution of mast cells in the skin 80 Head HandsFeet 60 ArmsLegs Mast cells / mm2 Skin 40 Trunk 20 0 Epidermis Subcutis Skin layers Br. J. Dermatol. 2003: 148; 224-225

38. Drug-induced mast cell activation is annoying, dangerous, and sometimes deadly. MC

39. Drug-induced mast cell activation is annoying, dangerous, and sometimes deadly. MC

40. Drug-induced mast cell activation is annoying, dangerous, and sometimes deadly. MC

41. Drug-induced spontaneous Urticaria Acute Urticaria Very common (1 in 4) < 6 weeks > 95% spontaneous remission Anti-inflammatory, symptomatic Therapie Chronic Urticaria Common (~ 1%)

42. Drug-induced spontaneous Urticaria Acute Urticaria Very common (1 in 4) < 6 weeks > 95% spontaneous remission Anti-inflammatory, symptomatic Therapie Chronic Urticaria Common (~ 1%) Identification of triggers and causes causal / curative therapy

43. Chronic Urticaria - classification

44. Chronic Urticaria - classification

45. Chronic Urticaria - classification

46. Chronic Urticaria - classification

47. Chronic Urticaria - classification

48. Chronic Urticaria - classification

49. Causes of Chronic Urticaria CU due to autoreactivity CU due to infection CU due to intolerance CU due to other causes Idiopathic CU n = 280

50. Drugs as triggers in Chronic Urticaria yes often rare no