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The Rise of Russia. Geography. Cold Surrounded by water but……no warm water port for trading Forest Grasslands. People. Mix of Slavic tribes and Vikings. City of Kiev. 1 st major city Present day Ukraine. Vladimir. Converted Russian people to Christianity
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Geography • Cold • Surrounded by water but……no warm water port for trading • Forest • Grasslands
People • Mix of Slavic tribes and Vikings
City of Kiev • 1st major city • Present day Ukraine
Vladimir • Converted Russian people to Christianity • Linked emperor with religion • Influenced by Byzantine Empire • Common trade routes
Begin Contact with Byzantine • Orthodox Christianity • Cyrillic Alphabet
Mongols invade • Between the Crusades and Mongols, Kievan Empire declined • Kiev destroyed in 1240 • Mongols isolated Russians from Europe
Ivan III • Russian Prince • Freed Russians from Mongol rule in 1480 • Crowned himself “Czar” • Proclaimed Russia would be 3rd Rome • Moved to Moscow
Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) • 1533 • 1547-1560 –Good Ivan • 1560 1584 Bad Ivan • Execution of traitors/enemies of boyers (nobles) • Secret police
Was Ivan terrible? • In 1581, Ivan beat his pregnant daughter-in-law for wearing immodest clothing, which may have caused a miscarriage. His son, also named Ivan , upon learning of this, engaged in a heated argument with his father, which resulted in Ivan striking his son in the head with his pointed staff, causing his son's (accidental) death.
Killed son • Accused of poisoning wife • Younger son took thrown at death and died without an heir
Romanov Dynasty • After years of quarrel, boyars chose next leader, Michael Romanov beginning Romanov dynasty • Restored power to government
Isolation • Mongol Rule and religious differences had kept Russia from interaction with Europe. (missed Renaissance and Age of Exploration) • No Seaport for trade • Russians looked to Constantinople for guidance, not Rome
Peter the Great- Absolute Monarch • 6’6 • Prior to becoming czar at 24, Peter went and studied in the “west” as a commoner • Decided it was best to westernize Russia • Russia needed warm water port to trade
Westernization by Peter • Reduced power of great landowners • Introduced potatoes • Western clothes and fashions • Beard Tax Advanced schools (stressed education) • Increased women status • Newspaper • Fought Sweden for warm water port
St. Petersburg • Peter’s “window to the west” • New capital of Russia